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Interstellar object Comet 3I/ATLAS: What we know now



You’ve probably heard by now about the new interstellar object – an object from another star system – hurtling toward our sun. Earthly astronomers have named it 3I/ATLAS. It’s only the 3rd-known interstellar object to visit our solar system. The object was originally estimated to have a diameter of 20 km (12 miles). But the size of 3I/ATLAS has now been re-estimated at around 10 km (6 miles). Hear from one of the astronomers who helped refine 3I/ ATLAS’s size estimate – Colin Orion Chandler of the DiRAC Institute of the University of Washington – speaking with EarthSky’s Deborah Byrd. Watch in the player above, or on YouTube.

It’s smaller than we thought

3I/ATLAS is the 3rd-known interstellar object, following 1I/ ‘Oumuamua and 2I/Borisov. That is, its trajectory and speed reveal it as an object not from our solar system, but from another star system.

Discovered by the ATLAS asteroid early warning system in early July 2025, the object was originally estimated to have a diameter of 20 km (12 miles). That large size led to a lot of joking online about the mothership, because some astronomers, as expected, just suggested we consider the possibility that 3I/ATLAS is an alien probe.

And now the size of 3I/ATLAS has been re-estimated at around 10 km (6 miles). This is still much larger than the other two interstellar objects. ‘Oumuamua’s size is thought to be about 200 meters across at its widest (if you’ll recall it has an elongated shape). And Borisov is thought to be less than a kilometer across.

Does that change what most astronomers think about this object? No. Most astronomers still think it’s an extremely old comet. To hear directly from one of the astronomers who studied it, and identified it as a comet, watch the video below.

It’s probably an old, old comet


The newly discovered interstellar object 3I/ATLAS – found on July 1 – is likely the oldest comet we’ve ever seen. It could be more than 7 billion years old, predating our solar system by more than 3 billion years! That’s according to University of Oxford astronomer Matthew Hopkins. Hear him explain in the player above, or on YouTube.

Discovery of 3I/ ATLAS

The Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) detected our new visitor on July 1, 2025. And the Minor Planet Center confirmed its interstellar nature on July 2, 2025, naming it 3I/ATLAS (or C/2025 N1). The “3I” means it’s the 3rd interstellar visitor that we’ve found.

The Hubble Space Telescope imaged the object on July 21, 2025. See the post from Bluesky below.

Hubble Space Telescope images of interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS are out! These were taken 5 hours ago. Plenty of cosmic rays peppering the images, but the comet's coma looks very nice and puffy. Best of luck to the researchers trying to write up papers for this… archive.stsci.edu/proposal_sea… ?

[image or embed]

— astrafoxen (@astrafoxen.bsky.social) July 21, 2025 at 4:28 PM

From a different part of our galaxy

The object is traveling on a steep path through the Milky Way galaxy. Astronomers have analyzed its trajectory, which shows it is not swinging around the sun and heading back out into the outskirts of our solar system. Instead it’s just flying by. And their analysis suggests Comet 3I/ATLAS originated within, or at least on the border of, the Milky Way’s thick disk. This is an area of ancient stars orbiting above and below the thin galactic plane where our sun resides.

Side view of a thin disk, fatter in the middle, with red line going higher and lower across it.
View larger. | A side-on view of the Milky Way, showing the estimated orbits of both our sun and the 3I/ATLAS comet. In this artist’s concept, 3I/ATLAS is the red dashed line, and the sun’s path is the yellow dotted line. The large extent of 3I’s orbit vertically into the outer thick disk is clear. Meanwhile, the sun stays nearer the plane of the galaxy. Image via Royal Astronomical Society/ M. Hopkins/ Otautahi-Oxford team. Base map: ESA/ Gaia/ DPAC, Stefan Payne-Wardenaar (CC BY 4.0).
Left side showing a multicolored streak of light in a starfield, right side is closeup of the fuzzy object.
On the left, the interstellar object Comet 3I/ATLAS streaks across a dense star field as seen by the Gemini North telescope in Hawaii. The colors are courtesy of 3 filters: red, green and blue. On the right, an inset shows the comet’s compact coma, or cloud of gas and dust surrounding its icy nucleus. NOIRLab released this new image on July 15, 2025. Image via International Gemini Observatory/ NOIRLab/ NSF/ AURA/ K. Meech (IfA/U. Hawaii). Image processing: Jen Miller & Mahdi Zamani (NSF NOIRLab).

What we know about Comet 3I/ATLAS

Our new visitor will get its closest to the sun – at about 2 astronomical units (AU), or twice as far as Earth is from the sun – in October. As it reaches perihelion – its closest point to the sun – it will be traveling at almost 15,500 miles (25,000 kilometers) per hour.

The speedy nature of Comet 3I/ATLAS is more proof of its interstellar nature. It has to be moving at a blistering pace in order to escape the sun’s gravitational pull.

Marshall Eubanks, a physicist and VLBI radio astronomer and co-founder of Space Initiatives, said the comet will come within about 0.4 AU of Mars in October. That would make it just barely observable by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter.

Animation of white splotches moving past, with one smaller white blob staying still in the middle.
3I/ATLAS, the white spot in the center, is approximately 42 million miles (67 million km) from the sun and will make its closest approach in late October 2025, passing just inside the orbit of Mars. It might be up to 7 miles (11 km) wide. It poses no danger to Earth, coming no closer than 150 million miles (240 million km), which is more than 1.5 astronomical units (AU, or distance from the Earth to the sun). Image via ESA.

It’s important for science

Having a visitor from another solar system is a rare opportunity for scientists, as NOIRLab said in a press release:

These visitors from faraway regions of the cosmos are valuable objects to study since they offer a tangible connection to other star systems. They carry information about the chemical elements that were present when and where they formed, which gives scientists insight into how planetary systems form at distant stars throughout our galaxy’s history, including stars that have since died out.

Interstellar object: Black background with some white oblong shapes and a dim white round shape at center with the label A11pI3Z.
View at EarthSky Community Photos. | Filipp Romanov captured the interstellar object on July 2, 2025, when it was still named A11pI3Z. Filipp wrote: “I confirmed new interstellar object candidate A11pl3Z remotely using iTelescope.Net T72 (0.51-m f/6.8 reflector + CCD) in Chile.” Thank you, Filipp!

Observing the new interstellar object

From now through the beginning of September, Comet 3I/ATLAS will be in the evening sky. For the rest of September and October it will be too close to the sun to see. But by November and December the comet will be bright after just passing the sun and also out of the sun’s glare. At this point it will be a morning object, not far from Venus.

Eddie Irizarry shared maps of the location of 3I/ATLAS. Eddie said in an email to EarthSky:

Although Comet 3I/Atlas is currently dim, advanced amateur observers might be able to photograph the new visitor by taking long exposure images through a telescope.

By August, the new comet should reach magnitude 16 and gradually improve, allowing more astrophotographers to capture this rare object.

The dim space rock is currently at about magnitude 16.7.

Following are star charts for those who want to search for the comet using a telescope or do astrophotography by capturing the comet close to a star or deep-sky object.

Evening star charts here

Star chart showing red marks for comet's location and a bright star with label.
The comet will be near the star Zubenelhakrabi in Libra around 9 p.m. CDT on August 28, 2025. Image via Eddie Irizarry/ Stellarium.
Star chart showing red marks for comet's location and 3 other stars above labeled.
Comet 3I/ATLAS will be close to a trio of stars in Libra. This chart is for approximately 8:30 p.m. CDT on September 14, 2025. Image via Eddie Irizarry/ Stellarium.
Star chart showing red marks for comet's location and small circles for deep-sky objects.
This charts shows the interstellar comet will be near 2 galaxies in Libra around 8:30 p.m. CDT on September 19, 2025. Image via Eddie Irizarry/ Stellarium.

Morning star charts here

After Comet 3I/ATLAS makes its close approach to the sun, you can find it in the morning sky.

Star chart showing red marks for comet's location and a dim deep-sky object just above it.
This chart is for 5 a.m. CST on November 22, 2025. On this date, the comet will pass very close to where we see galaxy NGC 4454 in Virgo. Image via Eddie Irizarry/ Stellarium.
Star chart showing red marks for comet's location and a bright star to the left labeled.
This star chart is for 5 a.m. CST on December 4, 2025. On this date Comet 3I/ATLAS will be close to the star Zavijava in Virgo. Image via Eddie Irizarry/ Stellarium.
Star chart showing red marks for comet's location and a couple stars with labels plus a deep-sky object labeled.
This star chart is set for around 5 a.m. CST on December 12, 2025. On that date, the comet will be close to 2 stars and a dim spiral galaxy in Leo. Image via Eddie Irizarry/ Stellarium.

Bottom line: The new interstellar visitor – 3I/ATLAS – was thought to be 20 km across. A new estimate suggests it’s half that size.

NASA/JPL

IAU Minor Planet Center

NOIRLab

The post Interstellar object Comet 3I/ATLAS: What we know now first appeared on EarthSky.



from EarthSky https://ift.tt/Out9wXa


You’ve probably heard by now about the new interstellar object – an object from another star system – hurtling toward our sun. Earthly astronomers have named it 3I/ATLAS. It’s only the 3rd-known interstellar object to visit our solar system. The object was originally estimated to have a diameter of 20 km (12 miles). But the size of 3I/ATLAS has now been re-estimated at around 10 km (6 miles). Hear from one of the astronomers who helped refine 3I/ ATLAS’s size estimate – Colin Orion Chandler of the DiRAC Institute of the University of Washington – speaking with EarthSky’s Deborah Byrd. Watch in the player above, or on YouTube.

It’s smaller than we thought

3I/ATLAS is the 3rd-known interstellar object, following 1I/ ‘Oumuamua and 2I/Borisov. That is, its trajectory and speed reveal it as an object not from our solar system, but from another star system.

Discovered by the ATLAS asteroid early warning system in early July 2025, the object was originally estimated to have a diameter of 20 km (12 miles). That large size led to a lot of joking online about the mothership, because some astronomers, as expected, just suggested we consider the possibility that 3I/ATLAS is an alien probe.

And now the size of 3I/ATLAS has been re-estimated at around 10 km (6 miles). This is still much larger than the other two interstellar objects. ‘Oumuamua’s size is thought to be about 200 meters across at its widest (if you’ll recall it has an elongated shape). And Borisov is thought to be less than a kilometer across.

Does that change what most astronomers think about this object? No. Most astronomers still think it’s an extremely old comet. To hear directly from one of the astronomers who studied it, and identified it as a comet, watch the video below.

It’s probably an old, old comet


The newly discovered interstellar object 3I/ATLAS – found on July 1 – is likely the oldest comet we’ve ever seen. It could be more than 7 billion years old, predating our solar system by more than 3 billion years! That’s according to University of Oxford astronomer Matthew Hopkins. Hear him explain in the player above, or on YouTube.

Discovery of 3I/ ATLAS

The Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) detected our new visitor on July 1, 2025. And the Minor Planet Center confirmed its interstellar nature on July 2, 2025, naming it 3I/ATLAS (or C/2025 N1). The “3I” means it’s the 3rd interstellar visitor that we’ve found.

The Hubble Space Telescope imaged the object on July 21, 2025. See the post from Bluesky below.

Hubble Space Telescope images of interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS are out! These were taken 5 hours ago. Plenty of cosmic rays peppering the images, but the comet's coma looks very nice and puffy. Best of luck to the researchers trying to write up papers for this… archive.stsci.edu/proposal_sea… ?

[image or embed]

— astrafoxen (@astrafoxen.bsky.social) July 21, 2025 at 4:28 PM

From a different part of our galaxy

The object is traveling on a steep path through the Milky Way galaxy. Astronomers have analyzed its trajectory, which shows it is not swinging around the sun and heading back out into the outskirts of our solar system. Instead it’s just flying by. And their analysis suggests Comet 3I/ATLAS originated within, or at least on the border of, the Milky Way’s thick disk. This is an area of ancient stars orbiting above and below the thin galactic plane where our sun resides.

Side view of a thin disk, fatter in the middle, with red line going higher and lower across it.
View larger. | A side-on view of the Milky Way, showing the estimated orbits of both our sun and the 3I/ATLAS comet. In this artist’s concept, 3I/ATLAS is the red dashed line, and the sun’s path is the yellow dotted line. The large extent of 3I’s orbit vertically into the outer thick disk is clear. Meanwhile, the sun stays nearer the plane of the galaxy. Image via Royal Astronomical Society/ M. Hopkins/ Otautahi-Oxford team. Base map: ESA/ Gaia/ DPAC, Stefan Payne-Wardenaar (CC BY 4.0).
Left side showing a multicolored streak of light in a starfield, right side is closeup of the fuzzy object.
On the left, the interstellar object Comet 3I/ATLAS streaks across a dense star field as seen by the Gemini North telescope in Hawaii. The colors are courtesy of 3 filters: red, green and blue. On the right, an inset shows the comet’s compact coma, or cloud of gas and dust surrounding its icy nucleus. NOIRLab released this new image on July 15, 2025. Image via International Gemini Observatory/ NOIRLab/ NSF/ AURA/ K. Meech (IfA/U. Hawaii). Image processing: Jen Miller & Mahdi Zamani (NSF NOIRLab).

What we know about Comet 3I/ATLAS

Our new visitor will get its closest to the sun – at about 2 astronomical units (AU), or twice as far as Earth is from the sun – in October. As it reaches perihelion – its closest point to the sun – it will be traveling at almost 15,500 miles (25,000 kilometers) per hour.

The speedy nature of Comet 3I/ATLAS is more proof of its interstellar nature. It has to be moving at a blistering pace in order to escape the sun’s gravitational pull.

Marshall Eubanks, a physicist and VLBI radio astronomer and co-founder of Space Initiatives, said the comet will come within about 0.4 AU of Mars in October. That would make it just barely observable by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter.

Animation of white splotches moving past, with one smaller white blob staying still in the middle.
3I/ATLAS, the white spot in the center, is approximately 42 million miles (67 million km) from the sun and will make its closest approach in late October 2025, passing just inside the orbit of Mars. It might be up to 7 miles (11 km) wide. It poses no danger to Earth, coming no closer than 150 million miles (240 million km), which is more than 1.5 astronomical units (AU, or distance from the Earth to the sun). Image via ESA.

It’s important for science

Having a visitor from another solar system is a rare opportunity for scientists, as NOIRLab said in a press release:

These visitors from faraway regions of the cosmos are valuable objects to study since they offer a tangible connection to other star systems. They carry information about the chemical elements that were present when and where they formed, which gives scientists insight into how planetary systems form at distant stars throughout our galaxy’s history, including stars that have since died out.

Interstellar object: Black background with some white oblong shapes and a dim white round shape at center with the label A11pI3Z.
View at EarthSky Community Photos. | Filipp Romanov captured the interstellar object on July 2, 2025, when it was still named A11pI3Z. Filipp wrote: “I confirmed new interstellar object candidate A11pl3Z remotely using iTelescope.Net T72 (0.51-m f/6.8 reflector + CCD) in Chile.” Thank you, Filipp!

Observing the new interstellar object

From now through the beginning of September, Comet 3I/ATLAS will be in the evening sky. For the rest of September and October it will be too close to the sun to see. But by November and December the comet will be bright after just passing the sun and also out of the sun’s glare. At this point it will be a morning object, not far from Venus.

Eddie Irizarry shared maps of the location of 3I/ATLAS. Eddie said in an email to EarthSky:

Although Comet 3I/Atlas is currently dim, advanced amateur observers might be able to photograph the new visitor by taking long exposure images through a telescope.

By August, the new comet should reach magnitude 16 and gradually improve, allowing more astrophotographers to capture this rare object.

The dim space rock is currently at about magnitude 16.7.

Following are star charts for those who want to search for the comet using a telescope or do astrophotography by capturing the comet close to a star or deep-sky object.

Evening star charts here

Star chart showing red marks for comet's location and a bright star with label.
The comet will be near the star Zubenelhakrabi in Libra around 9 p.m. CDT on August 28, 2025. Image via Eddie Irizarry/ Stellarium.
Star chart showing red marks for comet's location and 3 other stars above labeled.
Comet 3I/ATLAS will be close to a trio of stars in Libra. This chart is for approximately 8:30 p.m. CDT on September 14, 2025. Image via Eddie Irizarry/ Stellarium.
Star chart showing red marks for comet's location and small circles for deep-sky objects.
This charts shows the interstellar comet will be near 2 galaxies in Libra around 8:30 p.m. CDT on September 19, 2025. Image via Eddie Irizarry/ Stellarium.

Morning star charts here

After Comet 3I/ATLAS makes its close approach to the sun, you can find it in the morning sky.

Star chart showing red marks for comet's location and a dim deep-sky object just above it.
This chart is for 5 a.m. CST on November 22, 2025. On this date, the comet will pass very close to where we see galaxy NGC 4454 in Virgo. Image via Eddie Irizarry/ Stellarium.
Star chart showing red marks for comet's location and a bright star to the left labeled.
This star chart is for 5 a.m. CST on December 4, 2025. On this date Comet 3I/ATLAS will be close to the star Zavijava in Virgo. Image via Eddie Irizarry/ Stellarium.
Star chart showing red marks for comet's location and a couple stars with labels plus a deep-sky object labeled.
This star chart is set for around 5 a.m. CST on December 12, 2025. On that date, the comet will be close to 2 stars and a dim spiral galaxy in Leo. Image via Eddie Irizarry/ Stellarium.

Bottom line: The new interstellar visitor – 3I/ATLAS – was thought to be 20 km across. A new estimate suggests it’s half that size.

NASA/JPL

IAU Minor Planet Center

NOIRLab

The post Interstellar object Comet 3I/ATLAS: What we know now first appeared on EarthSky.



from EarthSky https://ift.tt/Out9wXa

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