Summer Triangle and 3 small constellations


Star chrt showing Summer Triangle, Delphinus, Vulpecula and Sagitta.
In the east on June, July and August evenings, you’ll find the large pattern of the Summer Triangle, made of 3 bright stars. In a dark sky, you’ll find 3 of the sky’s smallest constellations nestled among these stars.

3 small constellations

Look for the Summer Triangle, a large asterism visible in the east on July evenings. It consists of three bright stars in three separate constellations. These stars are Vega, Deneb and Altair. If you can find the Summer Triangle, you can use it to locate three of the sky’s smallest constellations. They are Vulpecula the Fox, Delphinus the Dolphin and Sagitta the Arrow. All three are impossible to see from the city. But they’re lots of fun to pick out in a dark sky.

How can you find them? Look at the detailed chart below, and try picking out Vega, Deneb and Altair. Notice these three bright stars make a large triangle on the sky’s dome. Now – still using the chart at the bottom of this post – look within and around the Summer Triangle for Delphinus, Sagitta and Vulpecula.

Star chart on light background showing Summer Triangle and 3 small constellations.
View larger. | Once you’re familiar with the Summer Triangle, star-hop from there to the nearby small constellations. Chart via IAU and Sky & Telescope (Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg)/ Wikimedia Commons.

Delphinus the Dolphin

Delphinus is a truly delightful little constellation that really resembles a dolphin leaping among the waves. Delphinus is one of the earliest constellations, first cataloged by the Greek astronomer Ptolemy in the second century. Sometimes, Delphinus is said to be the Dolphin that carried a Greek poet – Arion – safely away from his enemies. Other times, this sky Dolphin is said to represent the dolphin sent by the sea god Poseidon to find Amphitrite, the Nereid he wanted to marry.

Star chart showing stars of Delphinus, with the shape of a dolphin added.
Delphinus the Dolphin. Utah’s Adventure Family wrote, “… looking at this beautiful constellation makes my heart soar every time. Image via Stellarium.

Sagitta the Arrow

Sagitta is the 3rd-smallest constellation in our sky, following Crux aka the Southern Cross and Equuleus. Sagitta is near Vulpecula on the sky’s dome. Its name means “the arrow” in Latin. If you look for Sagitta, you’ll see why. This little star pattern does have a shape reminiscent of an arrow. Sagitta is also one of the earliest constellations, named by Ptolemy in the second century. Sagitta is sometimes said to be an arrow shot from the bow of Hercules, the great mythological hero and god.

A depiction of an arrow, with Sagitta's stars marked.
Chart via Baringtheaegis, whose blog post about Sagitta has lots more to say.

Vulpecula the Fox

Vaulpecula means “the little fox” in Latin. It’s the hardest to find of these three small constellations because it lacks a distinctive shape. Vulpecula is a relatively new constellation, introduced by the Polish astronomer Johannes Hevelius in the late 17th century. Hevelius ?depicted ?Vulpecula as not just a fox, but as a fox carrying a goose in its mouth. He also named the goose, Anser. Nowadays you can still see the fox and goose on old star charts, like the one below. And Fox and Goose is a traditional British pub name, according to Ian Ridpath. ?If you have a dark sky, and you’re up for a binocular challenge, also try finding the Coathanger asterism in Vulpecula.

An old star map depicting a fox carrying a goose in its jaws.
The fox and the goose, shown on the 1729 Atlas Coelestis of John ?Flamsteed. Image via Ian Ridpath’s Star Tales.

More about the Summer Triangle stars

Vega is brilliant and blue-white

Deneb is distant and very luminous

Altair rotates fast!

Bottom line: You need a dark country sky to see these 3 small constellations: Vulpecula the Fox, Delphinus the Dolphin and Sagitta the Arrow.

The post Summer Triangle and 3 small constellations first appeared on EarthSky.



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Star chrt showing Summer Triangle, Delphinus, Vulpecula and Sagitta.
In the east on June, July and August evenings, you’ll find the large pattern of the Summer Triangle, made of 3 bright stars. In a dark sky, you’ll find 3 of the sky’s smallest constellations nestled among these stars.

3 small constellations

Look for the Summer Triangle, a large asterism visible in the east on July evenings. It consists of three bright stars in three separate constellations. These stars are Vega, Deneb and Altair. If you can find the Summer Triangle, you can use it to locate three of the sky’s smallest constellations. They are Vulpecula the Fox, Delphinus the Dolphin and Sagitta the Arrow. All three are impossible to see from the city. But they’re lots of fun to pick out in a dark sky.

How can you find them? Look at the detailed chart below, and try picking out Vega, Deneb and Altair. Notice these three bright stars make a large triangle on the sky’s dome. Now – still using the chart at the bottom of this post – look within and around the Summer Triangle for Delphinus, Sagitta and Vulpecula.

Star chart on light background showing Summer Triangle and 3 small constellations.
View larger. | Once you’re familiar with the Summer Triangle, star-hop from there to the nearby small constellations. Chart via IAU and Sky & Telescope (Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg)/ Wikimedia Commons.

Delphinus the Dolphin

Delphinus is a truly delightful little constellation that really resembles a dolphin leaping among the waves. Delphinus is one of the earliest constellations, first cataloged by the Greek astronomer Ptolemy in the second century. Sometimes, Delphinus is said to be the Dolphin that carried a Greek poet – Arion – safely away from his enemies. Other times, this sky Dolphin is said to represent the dolphin sent by the sea god Poseidon to find Amphitrite, the Nereid he wanted to marry.

Star chart showing stars of Delphinus, with the shape of a dolphin added.
Delphinus the Dolphin. Utah’s Adventure Family wrote, “… looking at this beautiful constellation makes my heart soar every time. Image via Stellarium.

Sagitta the Arrow

Sagitta is the 3rd-smallest constellation in our sky, following Crux aka the Southern Cross and Equuleus. Sagitta is near Vulpecula on the sky’s dome. Its name means “the arrow” in Latin. If you look for Sagitta, you’ll see why. This little star pattern does have a shape reminiscent of an arrow. Sagitta is also one of the earliest constellations, named by Ptolemy in the second century. Sagitta is sometimes said to be an arrow shot from the bow of Hercules, the great mythological hero and god.

A depiction of an arrow, with Sagitta's stars marked.
Chart via Baringtheaegis, whose blog post about Sagitta has lots more to say.

Vulpecula the Fox

Vaulpecula means “the little fox” in Latin. It’s the hardest to find of these three small constellations because it lacks a distinctive shape. Vulpecula is a relatively new constellation, introduced by the Polish astronomer Johannes Hevelius in the late 17th century. Hevelius ?depicted ?Vulpecula as not just a fox, but as a fox carrying a goose in its mouth. He also named the goose, Anser. Nowadays you can still see the fox and goose on old star charts, like the one below. And Fox and Goose is a traditional British pub name, according to Ian Ridpath. ?If you have a dark sky, and you’re up for a binocular challenge, also try finding the Coathanger asterism in Vulpecula.

An old star map depicting a fox carrying a goose in its jaws.
The fox and the goose, shown on the 1729 Atlas Coelestis of John ?Flamsteed. Image via Ian Ridpath’s Star Tales.

More about the Summer Triangle stars

Vega is brilliant and blue-white

Deneb is distant and very luminous

Altair rotates fast!

Bottom line: You need a dark country sky to see these 3 small constellations: Vulpecula the Fox, Delphinus the Dolphin and Sagitta the Arrow.

The post Summer Triangle and 3 small constellations first appeared on EarthSky.



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