A selection of new climate related research articles is shown below.
Climate change mitigation
1. Geophysical potential for wind energy over the open oceans
"Wind speeds over open ocean areas are often higher than those in the windiest areas over land, which has motivated a quest to develop technologies that could harvest wind energy in deep water environments. However, it remains unclear whether these open ocean wind speeds are higher because of lack of surface drag or whether a greater downward transport of kinetic energy may be sustained in open ocean environments. Focusing on the North Atlantic region, we provide evidence that there is potential for greater downward transport of kinetic energy in the overlying atmosphere. As a result, wind power generation over some ocean areas can exceed power generation on land by a factor of three or more."
2. Public receptiveness of vertical axis wind turbines
"We find that the visual differences between the vertical and conventional wind turbines did not matter very much in any of the hypothetical settings in which we placed them. However, the prospect of killing fewer birds registered strongly with our survey respondents, though it could be outweighed by concern for cost. We also show that certain segments of the population, particularly those who are more educated, may be open to a more extensive deployment of vertical axis turbines in urban communities."
3. Getting the numbers right: revisiting woodfuel sustainability in the developing world
"The existing projects expect to produce offsets equivalent to ~138 MtCO2e. However, when we apply NRB values derived from spatially explicit woodfuel demand and supply imbalances in the region of each offset project, we find that emission reductions are between 57 and 81 MtCO2e: 41%–59% lower than expected."
4. Why people want to buy electric vehicle: An empirical study in first-tier cities of China
6. Non-renewable and intermittent renewable energy sources: Friends and foes?
10. Global Expansion of Renewable Energy Generation: An Analysis of Policy Instruments
Climate change
13. Attributing changing rates of temperature record-breaking to anthropogenic influences
"The frequency of hot and cold record-breaking temperature occurrences is shown to be changing due to the anthropogenic influence on the climate. Using ensembles of model simulations with and without human-induced forcings, it is demonstrated that the effect of climate change on global record-breaking temperatures can be detected as far back as the 1930s. On local scales, a climate change signal is detected more recently at most locations. The anthropogenic influence on the increased occurrence of hot record-breaking temperatures is clearer than it is for the decreased occurrence of cold records."
"Benthic temperatures increased throughout the domain, including in the Gulf of Maine. Rates of benthic warming ranged from 0.1 to 0.4 °C per decade, with fastest rates occurring in shallow, nearshore regions and on Georges Bank, the latter exceeding rates observed in the surface. Rates of benthic warming were up to 1.6 times faster in winter than the rest of the year in many regions, with important implications for disease occurrence and energetics of overwintering species."
16. Investigating the local-scale influence of sea ice on Greenland surface melt
22. Estimating solar radiation using NOAA/AVHRR and ground measurement data
23. Climate variability of heat wave and projection of warming scenario in Taiwan
25. Ensemble evaluation and projection of climate extremes in China using RMIP models
27. Biogeochemical Impact of Snow Cover and Cyclonic Intrusions on the Winter Weddell Sea Ice Pack
29. Glacier Calving in Greenland
30. Importance of positive cloud feedback for tropical Atlantic interhemispheric climate variability
32. Linking sea level rise and socioeconomic indicators under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways
36. Climatic characteristics of heat waves under climate change: a case study of mid-latitudes, Iran
37. Definition of extreme El Niño and its impact on projected increase in extreme El Niño frequency
Climate change impacts
39. The Future of Giant Clam-Dominated Lagoon Ecosystems Facing Climate Change
"The various documented cases support the hypothesis that mass mortalities of giant clams are triggered by climate variability, enhanced by the geomorphological specificities of these atolls. The exact mechanisms leading to mortalities and consequences for the whole ecosystem remain unknown and are probably case-dependent. These collapsing ecosystems represent well the fast impact that climate change can have on reef ecosystems."
"H. americanus experiences thermal stress at temperatures above 20°C, and projected increases in temperature is likely to result in changes in the distribution of optimal thermal egg hatching and settlement indicators. Inshore regions of southern New England, where H. americanus biomass and catch have been declining historically, will likely become inhospitable under either future scenario, while thermal egg hatching and settlement indicators will expand offshore and in the Gulf of Maine. These changes imply that members of the fishery based in southern New England may need to recapitalize to larger vessels to prepare for potential changes brought on by future climate warming."
41. Temporal changes in bird functional diversity across the United States
"We found increases in local bird species richness and taxonomic equitability that plateaued in the early 2000’s while total abundance declined over the whole period. Functional richness, the total range of traits in an assemblage, increased due to the rising prevalence of species with atypical life-history strategies and under-represented habitat or trophic preferences. However, these species did not trigger major changes in the functional composition of bird assemblages. Inter-annual variations in climate and primary productivity explained the richness of bird life-history traits in local assemblages, suggesting that these traits are influenced by broad-scale environmental factors, while others respond more to more local drivers."
42. Climate Change, the Economy, and Conflict
44. Climate Change and Violence: Insights from Political Science
46. Impact of climate change and seasonal trends on the fate of Arctic oil spills
49. Growing at the Margins: Adaptation to Severe Weather in the Marginal Lands of the British Isles
50. Climate adaptation approaches and key policy characteristics: Cases from South Asia
52. Fail-safe and safe-to-fail adaptation: decision-making for urban flooding under climate change
55. What Is Currently Known About the Effects of Climate Change on the Coral Immune Response
56. Stand-level drivers most important in determining boreal forest response to climate change
58. Bird specimens track 135 years of atmospheric black carbon and environmental policy
60. Floating algae blooms in the East China Sea
61. Ambio special issue: Facets of Arctic Change
62. Future sea ice conditions and weather forecasts in the Arctic: Implications for Arctic shipping
63. Seafood from a changing Arctic
64. Animal responses to disturbance and climate extremes: Coping mechanisms in the new millennium
65. Is adaptation reducing vulnerability or redistributing it?
66. Quantifying the indirect impacts of climate on agriculture: an inter-method comparison
68. Opposite effects of daytime and nighttime warming on top-down control of plant diversity
Other papers
69. Quantifying the influence of the terrestrial biosphere on glacial–interglacial climate dynamics
"On average across the period, the terrestrial biosphere has a −0.26 °C effect on temperature, with −0.58 °C at the Last Glacial Maximum. Depending on assumptions made about the destination of terrestrial carbon under ice sheets and where sea level has changed, the average terrestrial biosphere contribution over the last 120 kyr could be as much as −50 °C and −0.83 °C at the Last Glacial Maximum."
71. Warming and Cooling: The Medieval Climate Anomaly in Africa and Arabia
72. Orbital signals in carbon isotopes: phase distortion as a signature of the carbon cycle
73. Predictability and non-Gaussian Characteristics of the North Atlantic Oscillation
from Skeptical Science http://ift.tt/2AgRMuE
A selection of new climate related research articles is shown below.
Climate change mitigation
1. Geophysical potential for wind energy over the open oceans
"Wind speeds over open ocean areas are often higher than those in the windiest areas over land, which has motivated a quest to develop technologies that could harvest wind energy in deep water environments. However, it remains unclear whether these open ocean wind speeds are higher because of lack of surface drag or whether a greater downward transport of kinetic energy may be sustained in open ocean environments. Focusing on the North Atlantic region, we provide evidence that there is potential for greater downward transport of kinetic energy in the overlying atmosphere. As a result, wind power generation over some ocean areas can exceed power generation on land by a factor of three or more."
2. Public receptiveness of vertical axis wind turbines
"We find that the visual differences between the vertical and conventional wind turbines did not matter very much in any of the hypothetical settings in which we placed them. However, the prospect of killing fewer birds registered strongly with our survey respondents, though it could be outweighed by concern for cost. We also show that certain segments of the population, particularly those who are more educated, may be open to a more extensive deployment of vertical axis turbines in urban communities."
3. Getting the numbers right: revisiting woodfuel sustainability in the developing world
"The existing projects expect to produce offsets equivalent to ~138 MtCO2e. However, when we apply NRB values derived from spatially explicit woodfuel demand and supply imbalances in the region of each offset project, we find that emission reductions are between 57 and 81 MtCO2e: 41%–59% lower than expected."
4. Why people want to buy electric vehicle: An empirical study in first-tier cities of China
6. Non-renewable and intermittent renewable energy sources: Friends and foes?
10. Global Expansion of Renewable Energy Generation: An Analysis of Policy Instruments
Climate change
13. Attributing changing rates of temperature record-breaking to anthropogenic influences
"The frequency of hot and cold record-breaking temperature occurrences is shown to be changing due to the anthropogenic influence on the climate. Using ensembles of model simulations with and without human-induced forcings, it is demonstrated that the effect of climate change on global record-breaking temperatures can be detected as far back as the 1930s. On local scales, a climate change signal is detected more recently at most locations. The anthropogenic influence on the increased occurrence of hot record-breaking temperatures is clearer than it is for the decreased occurrence of cold records."
"Benthic temperatures increased throughout the domain, including in the Gulf of Maine. Rates of benthic warming ranged from 0.1 to 0.4 °C per decade, with fastest rates occurring in shallow, nearshore regions and on Georges Bank, the latter exceeding rates observed in the surface. Rates of benthic warming were up to 1.6 times faster in winter than the rest of the year in many regions, with important implications for disease occurrence and energetics of overwintering species."
16. Investigating the local-scale influence of sea ice on Greenland surface melt
22. Estimating solar radiation using NOAA/AVHRR and ground measurement data
23. Climate variability of heat wave and projection of warming scenario in Taiwan
25. Ensemble evaluation and projection of climate extremes in China using RMIP models
27. Biogeochemical Impact of Snow Cover and Cyclonic Intrusions on the Winter Weddell Sea Ice Pack
29. Glacier Calving in Greenland
30. Importance of positive cloud feedback for tropical Atlantic interhemispheric climate variability
32. Linking sea level rise and socioeconomic indicators under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways
36. Climatic characteristics of heat waves under climate change: a case study of mid-latitudes, Iran
37. Definition of extreme El Niño and its impact on projected increase in extreme El Niño frequency
Climate change impacts
39. The Future of Giant Clam-Dominated Lagoon Ecosystems Facing Climate Change
"The various documented cases support the hypothesis that mass mortalities of giant clams are triggered by climate variability, enhanced by the geomorphological specificities of these atolls. The exact mechanisms leading to mortalities and consequences for the whole ecosystem remain unknown and are probably case-dependent. These collapsing ecosystems represent well the fast impact that climate change can have on reef ecosystems."
"H. americanus experiences thermal stress at temperatures above 20°C, and projected increases in temperature is likely to result in changes in the distribution of optimal thermal egg hatching and settlement indicators. Inshore regions of southern New England, where H. americanus biomass and catch have been declining historically, will likely become inhospitable under either future scenario, while thermal egg hatching and settlement indicators will expand offshore and in the Gulf of Maine. These changes imply that members of the fishery based in southern New England may need to recapitalize to larger vessels to prepare for potential changes brought on by future climate warming."
41. Temporal changes in bird functional diversity across the United States
"We found increases in local bird species richness and taxonomic equitability that plateaued in the early 2000’s while total abundance declined over the whole period. Functional richness, the total range of traits in an assemblage, increased due to the rising prevalence of species with atypical life-history strategies and under-represented habitat or trophic preferences. However, these species did not trigger major changes in the functional composition of bird assemblages. Inter-annual variations in climate and primary productivity explained the richness of bird life-history traits in local assemblages, suggesting that these traits are influenced by broad-scale environmental factors, while others respond more to more local drivers."
42. Climate Change, the Economy, and Conflict
44. Climate Change and Violence: Insights from Political Science
46. Impact of climate change and seasonal trends on the fate of Arctic oil spills
49. Growing at the Margins: Adaptation to Severe Weather in the Marginal Lands of the British Isles
50. Climate adaptation approaches and key policy characteristics: Cases from South Asia
52. Fail-safe and safe-to-fail adaptation: decision-making for urban flooding under climate change
55. What Is Currently Known About the Effects of Climate Change on the Coral Immune Response
56. Stand-level drivers most important in determining boreal forest response to climate change
58. Bird specimens track 135 years of atmospheric black carbon and environmental policy
60. Floating algae blooms in the East China Sea
61. Ambio special issue: Facets of Arctic Change
62. Future sea ice conditions and weather forecasts in the Arctic: Implications for Arctic shipping
63. Seafood from a changing Arctic
64. Animal responses to disturbance and climate extremes: Coping mechanisms in the new millennium
65. Is adaptation reducing vulnerability or redistributing it?
66. Quantifying the indirect impacts of climate on agriculture: an inter-method comparison
68. Opposite effects of daytime and nighttime warming on top-down control of plant diversity
Other papers
69. Quantifying the influence of the terrestrial biosphere on glacial–interglacial climate dynamics
"On average across the period, the terrestrial biosphere has a −0.26 °C effect on temperature, with −0.58 °C at the Last Glacial Maximum. Depending on assumptions made about the destination of terrestrial carbon under ice sheets and where sea level has changed, the average terrestrial biosphere contribution over the last 120 kyr could be as much as −50 °C and −0.83 °C at the Last Glacial Maximum."
71. Warming and Cooling: The Medieval Climate Anomaly in Africa and Arabia
72. Orbital signals in carbon isotopes: phase distortion as a signature of the carbon cycle
73. Predictability and non-Gaussian Characteristics of the North Atlantic Oscillation
from Skeptical Science http://ift.tt/2AgRMuE
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