A Dragon and a former pole star

Tonight, if you have a dark sky, you’ll be able to pick out the constellation Draco the Dragon winding around the North Star, Polaris. The image at the top of this post shows Draco as depicted in an old star atlas by Johannes Hevelius in 1690. See the circle? That circle indicates the changing position of the north celestial pole over a cycle of 26,000 years.

Circle around north, with locations marked for 0 BC, 9000 BC, 2000 AD, and 8000 AD.

The 26,000-year precession cycle causes the north celestial pole to move counter-clockwise relative to the backdrop stars. Whichever star is closest to the north celestial pole is the Pole Star. Thuban reigned as the North Star some 5,000 years ago.

How can you see the Dragon? The Big Dipper can help guide you. Just remember … the entire Dragon requires a dark sky to be seen. You’ll find the Big Dipper high in the north on June evenings. The two outer stars in the Dipper’s bowl point to Polaris, the North Star, which marks the end of the Little Dipper’s handle.

The Dragon winds between the Big and Little Dippers, as shown on the chart below:

Diagram with Big and Little Dippers and constellation Draco winding between them.

If you can find the Big and Little Dippers, you can find the constellation Draco the Dragon.

Help EarthSky keep going! Please donate what you can.

About EarthSky

The Little Dipper is relatively faint. If you can find both Dippers, then your sky is probably pretty dark. And you’ll need that dark sky to see Draco. You’ll have to let your eyes and imagination drift a bit to see the entire winding shape of the Dragon in the northern heavens.

Also – if you can find both Dippers, and if your sky is relatively dark – you can easily pick out another noteworthy star in Draco. This star is Thuban, easy to find by looking between the Dippers. Thuban is famous for having served as a pole star around 3000 B.C. This date coincides with the beginning of the building of the pyramids in Egypt. It’s said that the descending passage of the Great Pyramid of Khufu at Gizeh was built to point directly at Thuban. So our ancestors knew and celebrated this star.

Read more about Thuban, a former pole star

There are two more prominent stars to look for in the Dragon. These stars are Eltanin and Rastaban, and they lie in the head of Draco. They represent the Dragon’s Eyes.

For years, I’ve glanced randomly up in the north at this time of year and noticed these two stars, Eltanin and Rastaban, in Draco. They’re noticeable because they’re relatively bright and near each other. There’s always that split-second when I ask myself with some excitement what two stars are those? It’s then that my eyes drift to blue-white Vega nearby … and I know, by Vega’s nearness, that they are the Dragon’s Eyes. Notice the relationship between Vega and the Dragon’s Eyes on the chart below:

Diagram with stars Rastaban and Eltanin in upper left and Vega lower right.

Stars Eltanin and Rastaban, near bright star Vega

Eltanin and Rastaban are fun to pick out, and, what’s more, they nearly mark the radiant point for the annual October Draconid meteor shower. Double bonus!

From tropical and subtropical latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere, the stars Rastaban and Eltanin shine quite low in the northern sky (below Vega). In either hemisphere, at all time zones, the Dragon’s eyes climb highest up in the sky around midnight (1 a.m. daylight saving time) in mid-June, 11 p.m. (midnight daylight saving time) in early July, and 9 p.m. (10 p.m. daylight saving time) in early August.

From temperate latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere (southern Australia and New Zealand), the Dragon’s eyes never climb above your horizon (but you can catch the star Vega way low in your northern sky).

Meanwhile, people at mid-northern latitudes get to view the Dragon’s eyes all night long! Circumpolar … remember?

Read more about Eltanin and Rastaban

Photo of sky with lines between stars for constellations Draco and Cygnus.

Draco and its stars Rastaban and Eltanin, as captured from Indonesia by Martin Marthadinata in May 2017.

Bottom line: Let your eyes and imagination drift a bit to see the entire winding shape of Draco the Dragon in the northern sky. If you do spot it, be sure to pick out Thuban, a former pole star, and the Dragon’s Eyes!

Read more: How to find the Big Dipper



from EarthSky http://bit.ly/2QHc7C3

Tonight, if you have a dark sky, you’ll be able to pick out the constellation Draco the Dragon winding around the North Star, Polaris. The image at the top of this post shows Draco as depicted in an old star atlas by Johannes Hevelius in 1690. See the circle? That circle indicates the changing position of the north celestial pole over a cycle of 26,000 years.

Circle around north, with locations marked for 0 BC, 9000 BC, 2000 AD, and 8000 AD.

The 26,000-year precession cycle causes the north celestial pole to move counter-clockwise relative to the backdrop stars. Whichever star is closest to the north celestial pole is the Pole Star. Thuban reigned as the North Star some 5,000 years ago.

How can you see the Dragon? The Big Dipper can help guide you. Just remember … the entire Dragon requires a dark sky to be seen. You’ll find the Big Dipper high in the north on June evenings. The two outer stars in the Dipper’s bowl point to Polaris, the North Star, which marks the end of the Little Dipper’s handle.

The Dragon winds between the Big and Little Dippers, as shown on the chart below:

Diagram with Big and Little Dippers and constellation Draco winding between them.

If you can find the Big and Little Dippers, you can find the constellation Draco the Dragon.

Help EarthSky keep going! Please donate what you can.

About EarthSky

The Little Dipper is relatively faint. If you can find both Dippers, then your sky is probably pretty dark. And you’ll need that dark sky to see Draco. You’ll have to let your eyes and imagination drift a bit to see the entire winding shape of the Dragon in the northern heavens.

Also – if you can find both Dippers, and if your sky is relatively dark – you can easily pick out another noteworthy star in Draco. This star is Thuban, easy to find by looking between the Dippers. Thuban is famous for having served as a pole star around 3000 B.C. This date coincides with the beginning of the building of the pyramids in Egypt. It’s said that the descending passage of the Great Pyramid of Khufu at Gizeh was built to point directly at Thuban. So our ancestors knew and celebrated this star.

Read more about Thuban, a former pole star

There are two more prominent stars to look for in the Dragon. These stars are Eltanin and Rastaban, and they lie in the head of Draco. They represent the Dragon’s Eyes.

For years, I’ve glanced randomly up in the north at this time of year and noticed these two stars, Eltanin and Rastaban, in Draco. They’re noticeable because they’re relatively bright and near each other. There’s always that split-second when I ask myself with some excitement what two stars are those? It’s then that my eyes drift to blue-white Vega nearby … and I know, by Vega’s nearness, that they are the Dragon’s Eyes. Notice the relationship between Vega and the Dragon’s Eyes on the chart below:

Diagram with stars Rastaban and Eltanin in upper left and Vega lower right.

Stars Eltanin and Rastaban, near bright star Vega

Eltanin and Rastaban are fun to pick out, and, what’s more, they nearly mark the radiant point for the annual October Draconid meteor shower. Double bonus!

From tropical and subtropical latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere, the stars Rastaban and Eltanin shine quite low in the northern sky (below Vega). In either hemisphere, at all time zones, the Dragon’s eyes climb highest up in the sky around midnight (1 a.m. daylight saving time) in mid-June, 11 p.m. (midnight daylight saving time) in early July, and 9 p.m. (10 p.m. daylight saving time) in early August.

From temperate latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere (southern Australia and New Zealand), the Dragon’s eyes never climb above your horizon (but you can catch the star Vega way low in your northern sky).

Meanwhile, people at mid-northern latitudes get to view the Dragon’s eyes all night long! Circumpolar … remember?

Read more about Eltanin and Rastaban

Photo of sky with lines between stars for constellations Draco and Cygnus.

Draco and its stars Rastaban and Eltanin, as captured from Indonesia by Martin Marthadinata in May 2017.

Bottom line: Let your eyes and imagination drift a bit to see the entire winding shape of Draco the Dragon in the northern sky. If you do spot it, be sure to pick out Thuban, a former pole star, and the Dragon’s Eyes!

Read more: How to find the Big Dipper



from EarthSky http://bit.ly/2QHc7C3

Humans and volcanoes caused nearly all of global heating in past 140 years

Emissions from fossil fuels and volcanoes can explain nearly all of the changes in Earth’s surface temperatures over the past 140 years, a new study has found.

The research refutes the popular climate denial myth that recent global warming is merely a result of natural cycles.

Those arguments have always suffered a key physical flaw, namely that cycles are cyclical. For example, El Niño events, which temporarily raise global surface temperatures by bringing warm water up to the shallow ocean layer, are offset by La Niña events, which have the opposite effect. While a given decade might have more El Niño or La Niña events, resulting in a short-term surface warming or cooling, over the long term their effects cancel out.

However, climate scientists have had a difficult time explaining exactly what caused a warming event in the early 20th century, between about 1910 and 1945. The average of the climate model runs incorporated in the last IPCC report only accounted for about half of the measured global surface warming trend during that period, and a study published last year suggested the other half could be due to natural cycles.

Contrarian scientists like Judith Curry, who is frequently invited by Republicans to testify before US Congress, have often used this discrepancy to cast doubt on the expert consensus on human-caused global warming, arguing that “until we can explain the early 20th century warming, I have little confidence IPCC and [National Climate Assessment] attribution statements regarding the cause of the recent warming.”

The new study, published in the Journal of Climate, tackles the discrepancy in part by addressing an issue with ocean temperature data during the second world war, when measurements were more often made from warmer engine room intakes than from buckets lowered over the side of ships. This has resulted in a bias, inflating estimated surface temperatures in the early-to-mid 1940s. The new study removed this bias by focusing on temperatures along continental and island coastlines.

Arctic temperature data has also long been problematic. There are relatively few temperature monitoring stations in the region due to its remoteness, but due largely to disappearing sea ice decreasing the region’s reflectivity, the Arctic is the fastest-warming part of the planet.

Two of the co-authors of the new study, Kevin Cowtan and Robert Way, previously made strides in addressing these coverage gaps by using improved statistical interpolation methods. The new study goes further, by incorporating Met Office Hadley Centre Arctic sea ice data.

Accounting for the area of Arctic ocean covered by sea ice is an important factor, as lead author Karsten Haustein explains: “If sea ice is treated as ocean, the temperature cannot go below zero (per definition). If it is treated as land, the temperature can fall as low as -50C in winter given there is virtually no interaction with the ocean water anymore. Since warming trends over the Arctic are higher than anywhere else, overall land warming trends will be higher too if sea ice is treated as land. This is by virtue of winter temperatures not falling as low as they used to anymore.”

The authors then compared the improved global surface temperature data to climate model runs incorporating influences from human greenhouse gas and aerosol pollution, volcanic eruptions, and changes in solar activity. Overall they were able to explain more than 90% of the temperature variation over the 140-year record.

Click here to read the rest



from Skeptical Science http://bit.ly/310WzxJ

Emissions from fossil fuels and volcanoes can explain nearly all of the changes in Earth’s surface temperatures over the past 140 years, a new study has found.

The research refutes the popular climate denial myth that recent global warming is merely a result of natural cycles.

Those arguments have always suffered a key physical flaw, namely that cycles are cyclical. For example, El Niño events, which temporarily raise global surface temperatures by bringing warm water up to the shallow ocean layer, are offset by La Niña events, which have the opposite effect. While a given decade might have more El Niño or La Niña events, resulting in a short-term surface warming or cooling, over the long term their effects cancel out.

However, climate scientists have had a difficult time explaining exactly what caused a warming event in the early 20th century, between about 1910 and 1945. The average of the climate model runs incorporated in the last IPCC report only accounted for about half of the measured global surface warming trend during that period, and a study published last year suggested the other half could be due to natural cycles.

Contrarian scientists like Judith Curry, who is frequently invited by Republicans to testify before US Congress, have often used this discrepancy to cast doubt on the expert consensus on human-caused global warming, arguing that “until we can explain the early 20th century warming, I have little confidence IPCC and [National Climate Assessment] attribution statements regarding the cause of the recent warming.”

The new study, published in the Journal of Climate, tackles the discrepancy in part by addressing an issue with ocean temperature data during the second world war, when measurements were more often made from warmer engine room intakes than from buckets lowered over the side of ships. This has resulted in a bias, inflating estimated surface temperatures in the early-to-mid 1940s. The new study removed this bias by focusing on temperatures along continental and island coastlines.

Arctic temperature data has also long been problematic. There are relatively few temperature monitoring stations in the region due to its remoteness, but due largely to disappearing sea ice decreasing the region’s reflectivity, the Arctic is the fastest-warming part of the planet.

Two of the co-authors of the new study, Kevin Cowtan and Robert Way, previously made strides in addressing these coverage gaps by using improved statistical interpolation methods. The new study goes further, by incorporating Met Office Hadley Centre Arctic sea ice data.

Accounting for the area of Arctic ocean covered by sea ice is an important factor, as lead author Karsten Haustein explains: “If sea ice is treated as ocean, the temperature cannot go below zero (per definition). If it is treated as land, the temperature can fall as low as -50C in winter given there is virtually no interaction with the ocean water anymore. Since warming trends over the Arctic are higher than anywhere else, overall land warming trends will be higher too if sea ice is treated as land. This is by virtue of winter temperatures not falling as low as they used to anymore.”

The authors then compared the improved global surface temperature data to climate model runs incorporating influences from human greenhouse gas and aerosol pollution, volcanic eruptions, and changes in solar activity. Overall they were able to explain more than 90% of the temperature variation over the 140-year record.

Click here to read the rest



from Skeptical Science http://bit.ly/310WzxJ

2019 SkS Weekly Climate Change & Global Warming News Roundup #22

A chronological listing of news articles posted on the Skeptical Science Facebook Page during the past week, i.e., Sun, May 26 through Sat, June 1, 2019

Editor's Pick 

12 books on how climate change is transforming businesses and the global economy

For some businesses and entrepreneurs, climate change isn't just a threat. It's an opportunity.

New York Stock Exchange 

The significant transformations required to meet the challenges posed by climate change are, from another perspective, fabulous opportunities. Inventors, entrepreneurs, and business strategists recognized this fact many years ago. Their activities have since been chronicled and analyzed by reporters, researchers, and, in some cases, the entrepreneurs themselves. For this month’s bookshelf on climate change and business, Yale Climate Connections has assembled two different lists. This first list covers books published in the last five years. The second list covers recent free reports on the same subject from international organizations, government agencies, and D.C.-based think tanks.

12 books on how climate change is transforming businesses and the global economy by Michael Svoboda, Yale Climate Connections, May 31, 2019 


Links posted on Facebook

Sun May 26, 2019

Mon May 27, 2019

Tue May 28, 2019

Wed May 29, 2019

Thu May 30, 2019

Fri May 31, 2019

Sat June 1, 2019



from Skeptical Science http://bit.ly/312NJzq
A chronological listing of news articles posted on the Skeptical Science Facebook Page during the past week, i.e., Sun, May 26 through Sat, June 1, 2019

Editor's Pick 

12 books on how climate change is transforming businesses and the global economy

For some businesses and entrepreneurs, climate change isn't just a threat. It's an opportunity.

New York Stock Exchange 

The significant transformations required to meet the challenges posed by climate change are, from another perspective, fabulous opportunities. Inventors, entrepreneurs, and business strategists recognized this fact many years ago. Their activities have since been chronicled and analyzed by reporters, researchers, and, in some cases, the entrepreneurs themselves. For this month’s bookshelf on climate change and business, Yale Climate Connections has assembled two different lists. This first list covers books published in the last five years. The second list covers recent free reports on the same subject from international organizations, government agencies, and D.C.-based think tanks.

12 books on how climate change is transforming businesses and the global economy by Michael Svoboda, Yale Climate Connections, May 31, 2019 


Links posted on Facebook

Sun May 26, 2019

Mon May 27, 2019

Tue May 28, 2019

Wed May 29, 2019

Thu May 30, 2019

Fri May 31, 2019

Sat June 1, 2019



from Skeptical Science http://bit.ly/312NJzq

Big and Little Dippers on June evenings

Tonight, assuming you’re in the Northern Hemisphere, you can easily find the legendary Big Dipper, called The Plough by our friends in the U.K. or The Wagon throughout much of Europe. This familiar star pattern is high in the north at nightfall in June. Find it, and let it be your guide to the Little Dipper, too.

You can find the Big Dipper easily because its shape really resembles a dipper. Meanwhile, the Little Dipper isn’t as easy to find. You need a dark sky to see the Little Dipper, so be sure to avoid city lights.

How do you find the Dippers? Assuming you’re in the Northern Hemisphere, simply face northward on a June evening, and watch for a large dipper-like pattern. That easy-to-see pattern will be the Big Dipper. Notice that the Big Dipper has two parts: a bowl and a handle. See the two outer stars in the bowl? They’re known as The Pointers because they point to the North Star, which is also known as Polaris.

Once you’ve found Polaris, you can find the Little Dipper. Polaris marks the end of the handle of the Little Dipper. You need a dark night to see the Little Dipper in full, because it’s so much fainter than its larger and brighter counterpart.

By the way, can you see the Big Dipper from Earth’s Southern Hemisphere? Yes, if you’re in the southern tropics. Much farther south, and it gets harder because as you go southward on Earth’s globe, the Dipper sinks closer and closer to the northern horizon.

Meanwhile, Polaris, the North Star, disappears beneath the horizon once you get south of the Earth’s equator.

Outlines of a big bear and a small bear with stars connected by lines in them..

The Big and Little Dippers aren’t constellations. They’re asterisms, or noticeable star patterns. The Big Dipper is part of Ursa Major the Greater Bear. The Little Dipper belongs to Ursa Minor the Lesser Bear. Image via Dill Knob Observatory.

Richard Hinkley Allen in his book “Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning” claims the Greek constellation Ursa Minor was never mentioned in the literary works of Homer (9th century B.C.) or Hesiod (8th century B.C.). That’s probably because this constellation hadn’t been invented yet, that long ago.

According to the Greek geographer and historian Strabo (63 B.C. to A.D. 21?), the seven stars we see today as part of Ursa Minor (the Little Dipper) didn’t carry that name until 600 B.C. or so. Before that time, people saw this group of stars outlining the wings of the constellation Draco the Dragon.

When the seafaring Phoenicians visited the Greek philosopher Thales around 600 B.C., they showed him how to navigate by the stars. Purportedly, Thales clipped the Dragon’s wings to create a new constellation, possibly because this new way of looking at the stars enabled Greek sailors to more easily locate the north celestial pole.

But it’s not just our names for things in the sky that change. The sky itself changes, too. In our day, Polaris closely marks the north celestial pole in the sky. In 600 B.C. – thanks to the motion of precession – the stars Kochab and Pherkad more closely marked the position of the north celestial pole.

Kochab and Pherkad: Guardians of the Pole

Big Dipper, with line pointing from two outer stars downward to pole star.

The two outer stars in the bowl of the Big Dipper always point to Polaris, the North Star. Image by EarthSky Facebook friend Abhijit Juvekar.

Bottom line: Look for the Big and Little Dippers in the north at nightfall!

Help EarthSky keep going! Please donate.

EarthSky astronomy kits are perfect for beginners. Order today from the EarthSky store



from EarthSky http://bit.ly/2W2aEY4

Tonight, assuming you’re in the Northern Hemisphere, you can easily find the legendary Big Dipper, called The Plough by our friends in the U.K. or The Wagon throughout much of Europe. This familiar star pattern is high in the north at nightfall in June. Find it, and let it be your guide to the Little Dipper, too.

You can find the Big Dipper easily because its shape really resembles a dipper. Meanwhile, the Little Dipper isn’t as easy to find. You need a dark sky to see the Little Dipper, so be sure to avoid city lights.

How do you find the Dippers? Assuming you’re in the Northern Hemisphere, simply face northward on a June evening, and watch for a large dipper-like pattern. That easy-to-see pattern will be the Big Dipper. Notice that the Big Dipper has two parts: a bowl and a handle. See the two outer stars in the bowl? They’re known as The Pointers because they point to the North Star, which is also known as Polaris.

Once you’ve found Polaris, you can find the Little Dipper. Polaris marks the end of the handle of the Little Dipper. You need a dark night to see the Little Dipper in full, because it’s so much fainter than its larger and brighter counterpart.

By the way, can you see the Big Dipper from Earth’s Southern Hemisphere? Yes, if you’re in the southern tropics. Much farther south, and it gets harder because as you go southward on Earth’s globe, the Dipper sinks closer and closer to the northern horizon.

Meanwhile, Polaris, the North Star, disappears beneath the horizon once you get south of the Earth’s equator.

Outlines of a big bear and a small bear with stars connected by lines in them..

The Big and Little Dippers aren’t constellations. They’re asterisms, or noticeable star patterns. The Big Dipper is part of Ursa Major the Greater Bear. The Little Dipper belongs to Ursa Minor the Lesser Bear. Image via Dill Knob Observatory.

Richard Hinkley Allen in his book “Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning” claims the Greek constellation Ursa Minor was never mentioned in the literary works of Homer (9th century B.C.) or Hesiod (8th century B.C.). That’s probably because this constellation hadn’t been invented yet, that long ago.

According to the Greek geographer and historian Strabo (63 B.C. to A.D. 21?), the seven stars we see today as part of Ursa Minor (the Little Dipper) didn’t carry that name until 600 B.C. or so. Before that time, people saw this group of stars outlining the wings of the constellation Draco the Dragon.

When the seafaring Phoenicians visited the Greek philosopher Thales around 600 B.C., they showed him how to navigate by the stars. Purportedly, Thales clipped the Dragon’s wings to create a new constellation, possibly because this new way of looking at the stars enabled Greek sailors to more easily locate the north celestial pole.

But it’s not just our names for things in the sky that change. The sky itself changes, too. In our day, Polaris closely marks the north celestial pole in the sky. In 600 B.C. – thanks to the motion of precession – the stars Kochab and Pherkad more closely marked the position of the north celestial pole.

Kochab and Pherkad: Guardians of the Pole

Big Dipper, with line pointing from two outer stars downward to pole star.

The two outer stars in the bowl of the Big Dipper always point to Polaris, the North Star. Image by EarthSky Facebook friend Abhijit Juvekar.

Bottom line: Look for the Big and Little Dippers in the north at nightfall!

Help EarthSky keep going! Please donate.

EarthSky astronomy kits are perfect for beginners. Order today from the EarthSky store



from EarthSky http://bit.ly/2W2aEY4

June guide to the bright planets

Click the name of a planet to learn more about its visibility in June 2019: Venus, Jupiter, Saturn, Mars and Mercury.

Chart showing thin crescent moon and Venus in morning sky.

The waning crescent moon pairs up with the queen planet Venus on or near June 1. Read more.

Venus is the brightest planet, looming low in the east before sunrise. With some diligence, you may catch the waning crescent moon with Venus on June 1 (see June chart above).

From northerly latitudes, Venus sits in the glare of morning twilight. The northern tropics and Southern Hemisphere enjoy a less obstructed view. For all of us, Venus starts out the month at an elongation of 20 degrees west of the sun. It ends the month at 12 degrees west of the sun. Despite Venus being the same angular distance from the sun worldwide, Venus spends more time lighting up the morning twilight at more southerly latitudes. That’s because the ecliptic – pathway of the sun, moon and planets in front of the constellations of the zodiac – appears more nearly vertical with respect to the sunrise horizon from southerly latitudes.

In June, at mid-northern latitudes, Venus rises well after the beginning of astronomical twilight (dawn’s first light) all month long. At temperate latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere, Venus comes up before the advent of astronomical twilight in early June 2019.

Click here to find out when astronomical twilight comes to your sky, remembering to check the astronomical twilight box.

At mid-northern latitudes, Venus rises about one hour before sunrise in early June. By the month’s end, that’ll taper to about 50 minutes.

At temperate latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere, Venus rises about 1 1/2 hours before sunup in early June. By the month’s end that’ll decrease to about 50 minutes, as well.

Your last chance of catching the moon and Venus together in the morning sky this year might well be June 1. Next month, in July 2019, Venus will plunge even deeper into the glare of sunrise; and then, in August 2019, Venus will transition from the morning to evening sky.

If you live at the just the right spot in South America, look for Venus to pop into view at daytime during the total eclipse of the sun on July 2, 2019.

Young moon swings by the planets Mercury and Mars in early June 2019.

You might be able to see the young moon and the planet Mercury with the eye alone on June 4. But just in case, you may want to bring binoculars! Read more.

Mercury, the innermost planet of the solar system, is expected to become a fine evening object from both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres in June 2019. Even though this world won’t reach its greatest elongation from the sun until June 23, you still might catch this world in early June. Be sure to look for the young crescent moon near Mercury, starting around June 4. See the above sky chart.

Mercury starts off the month below Mars. Day by day, Mercury will climb upward whereas Mars will descend downward, with the two meeting up for a close encounter on the sky’s dome on June 17 and 18, 2019. At their closest, these two worlds will be a scant 0.2 degrees (less than 1/2 the moon’s diameter) apart, to stage the closest conjunction of two planets in 2019. See the sky chart below for June 17.

Mercury and Mars on June 17, 2018.

As seen from North America, Mercury and Mars stand side by side after sunset June 17, 2019. Read more.

Jupiter is the second-brightest planet after Venus. Yet it’s the king planet Jupiter that reigns supreme in the June 2019 nighttime sky. Venus is pretty much lost in the glare of sunrise throughout June, whereas Jupiter shines at its brightest best for year, beaming away from dusk till dawn. There’s no mistaking Venus for Jupiter in June 2019!

Jupiter is now approaching its yearly opposition, marking the best time of year to see this brilliant beauty. Jupiter ranks as the 4th-brightest celestial object to light up the heavens, after the sun, moon and Venus. At opposition on June 10, 2019, look for Jupiter to rise at sunset, soar highest up for the night at midnight, and to set at sunrise. Click here for an almanac telling you when Jupiter rises/transits/sets in your sky, remembering to pick Jupiter as your celestial object of interest.

That bright ruddy star rather close to Jupiter is Antares, the brightest star in the constellation Scorpius the Scorpion. Although Jupiter shines in the vicinity of Antares throughout 2019, Jupiter can be seen to wander relative to this “fixed” star of the zodiac. This year, in the first three months of 2019, Jupiter was traveling eastward, away from Antares. But starting on April 10, 2019, Jupiter reversed course, moving toward Antares. For the following four months (April 10 to August 11, 2019), Jupiter will be traveling in retrograde (or westward), closing the gap between itself and the star Antares. Midway through this retrograde, on June 10, 2019, Jupiter will reach opposition.

From around the world in early June, Jupiter rises about 1/2 hour after sunset. By June 10, Jupiter rises as the sun sets. Thereafter, Jupiter enters the stage of sky before sunset.

Jupiter comes up first in the nightly procession of three bright planets. Saturn follows Jupiter into the sky about two hours after Jupiter first appears, and then Venus struggles to make a brief appearance in the eastern morning twilight.

Watch for the waning gibbous moon to swing by Jupiter on the evenings of June 14, 15 and 16, as displayed on the sky chart below.

Bright moon swings by the star Antares and planet Jupiter from June 14 to 16, 2019.

Watch the bright moon swing close to Jupiter on June 14, 15 and 18. Read more.

Saturn comes up up a few hours after Jupiter. Throughout June, Saturn and Jupiter rise earlier each day, both of them to climb above the horizon about two hours earlier by the month’s end. Saturn, although as bright as a 1st-magnitude star, pales in contrast to Jupiter. Jupiter outshines Saturn by some 14 times.

From mid-northern latitudes, Saturn comes up about two hours before the midnight hour (11 p.m. daylight saving time) in early June. (As a reminder, midnight in our usage means midway between sunset and sunrise.) By the month’s end, Saturn will rise around nightfall.

From temperate latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere, Saturn rises at or around 8 p.m. in early June. By the month’s end, Saturn will rise by nightfall.

Watch for the waning moon to couple up with Saturn around June 18, as shown on the sky chart below. If you’re in just the right spot in South America, you can actually watch the moon occult (cover over) Saturn. Click here to find out more.

Moon, Jupiter and Saturn in June evening sky.

For the several days from June 16 to June 18, watch as the moon moves from Jupiter to Saturn. Read more.

Mars lurks low in the west at dusk/nightfall and follows the sun beneath the horizon shortly thereafter. Mars has faded into 2nd-magnitude brightness, which makes this world all the harder to spot. Given a dark sky and some diligent searching, you should be able to spot this world in your western sky at early evening.

Click here for recommended sky almanacs providing you with the setting times for Mars for your location.

Watch for the young crescent moon to shine in the vicinity of Mars for several evenings, centered on or near June 6. The moon’s proximity might provide you with your best opportunity to catch Mars in the evening sky for the rest of 2019. Day by day, this planet is slowly but surely fading, and sinking closer to the afterglow of sunset.

Starting on June 12 or thereabouts, Mercury will be close enough to Mars for the twosome to take stage in a single binocular field. After that, look for Mercury and Mars to occupy the same binocular field till nearly the end of the month. Watch for Mercury and Mars to snuggle up quite close together in the evening sky on June 17, 18 and 19, with Mercury passing a scant 0.2 degrees north of Mars on June 18, to present the closest conjunction of two planets in 2019.

Mercury and Mars in conjunction on June 18, 2019.

Look westward for the close pairing of the planets Mercury and Mars on June 18, 2019. You may need binoculars to glimpse fainter Mars next to brighter Mercury. Read more.

What do we mean by bright planet? By bright planet, we mean any solar system planet that is easily visible without an optical aid and that has been watched by our ancestors since time immemorial. In their outward order from the sun, the five bright planets are Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. These planets actually do appear bright in our sky. They are typically as bright as – or brighter than – the brightest stars. Plus, these relatively nearby worlds tend to shine with a steadier light than the distant, twinkling stars. You can spot them, and come to know them as faithful friends, if you try.

silhouette of man against the sunset sky with bright planet and crescent moon.

Skywatcher, by Predrag Agatonovic.

Bottom line: In June 2019, Jupiter beams from dusk till dawn, whereas Venus fleetingly shows itself in the east before sunrise. Saturn is out from mid-evening till dawn. Mercury and Mars lurk low in the west at dusk, and showcase the year’s closest conjunction of two planets on June 18, 2019. Click here for recommended almanacs; they can help you know when the planets rise and set in your sky.

Don’t miss anything. Subscribe to EarthSky News by email

Visit EarthSky’s Best Places to Stargaze, and recommend a place we can all enjoy. Zoom out for worldwide map.

Help EarthSky keep going! Donate now.

Post your planet photos at EarthSky Community Photos



from EarthSky http://bit.ly/1YD00CF

Click the name of a planet to learn more about its visibility in June 2019: Venus, Jupiter, Saturn, Mars and Mercury.

Chart showing thin crescent moon and Venus in morning sky.

The waning crescent moon pairs up with the queen planet Venus on or near June 1. Read more.

Venus is the brightest planet, looming low in the east before sunrise. With some diligence, you may catch the waning crescent moon with Venus on June 1 (see June chart above).

From northerly latitudes, Venus sits in the glare of morning twilight. The northern tropics and Southern Hemisphere enjoy a less obstructed view. For all of us, Venus starts out the month at an elongation of 20 degrees west of the sun. It ends the month at 12 degrees west of the sun. Despite Venus being the same angular distance from the sun worldwide, Venus spends more time lighting up the morning twilight at more southerly latitudes. That’s because the ecliptic – pathway of the sun, moon and planets in front of the constellations of the zodiac – appears more nearly vertical with respect to the sunrise horizon from southerly latitudes.

In June, at mid-northern latitudes, Venus rises well after the beginning of astronomical twilight (dawn’s first light) all month long. At temperate latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere, Venus comes up before the advent of astronomical twilight in early June 2019.

Click here to find out when astronomical twilight comes to your sky, remembering to check the astronomical twilight box.

At mid-northern latitudes, Venus rises about one hour before sunrise in early June. By the month’s end, that’ll taper to about 50 minutes.

At temperate latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere, Venus rises about 1 1/2 hours before sunup in early June. By the month’s end that’ll decrease to about 50 minutes, as well.

Your last chance of catching the moon and Venus together in the morning sky this year might well be June 1. Next month, in July 2019, Venus will plunge even deeper into the glare of sunrise; and then, in August 2019, Venus will transition from the morning to evening sky.

If you live at the just the right spot in South America, look for Venus to pop into view at daytime during the total eclipse of the sun on July 2, 2019.

Young moon swings by the planets Mercury and Mars in early June 2019.

You might be able to see the young moon and the planet Mercury with the eye alone on June 4. But just in case, you may want to bring binoculars! Read more.

Mercury, the innermost planet of the solar system, is expected to become a fine evening object from both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres in June 2019. Even though this world won’t reach its greatest elongation from the sun until June 23, you still might catch this world in early June. Be sure to look for the young crescent moon near Mercury, starting around June 4. See the above sky chart.

Mercury starts off the month below Mars. Day by day, Mercury will climb upward whereas Mars will descend downward, with the two meeting up for a close encounter on the sky’s dome on June 17 and 18, 2019. At their closest, these two worlds will be a scant 0.2 degrees (less than 1/2 the moon’s diameter) apart, to stage the closest conjunction of two planets in 2019. See the sky chart below for June 17.

Mercury and Mars on June 17, 2018.

As seen from North America, Mercury and Mars stand side by side after sunset June 17, 2019. Read more.

Jupiter is the second-brightest planet after Venus. Yet it’s the king planet Jupiter that reigns supreme in the June 2019 nighttime sky. Venus is pretty much lost in the glare of sunrise throughout June, whereas Jupiter shines at its brightest best for year, beaming away from dusk till dawn. There’s no mistaking Venus for Jupiter in June 2019!

Jupiter is now approaching its yearly opposition, marking the best time of year to see this brilliant beauty. Jupiter ranks as the 4th-brightest celestial object to light up the heavens, after the sun, moon and Venus. At opposition on June 10, 2019, look for Jupiter to rise at sunset, soar highest up for the night at midnight, and to set at sunrise. Click here for an almanac telling you when Jupiter rises/transits/sets in your sky, remembering to pick Jupiter as your celestial object of interest.

That bright ruddy star rather close to Jupiter is Antares, the brightest star in the constellation Scorpius the Scorpion. Although Jupiter shines in the vicinity of Antares throughout 2019, Jupiter can be seen to wander relative to this “fixed” star of the zodiac. This year, in the first three months of 2019, Jupiter was traveling eastward, away from Antares. But starting on April 10, 2019, Jupiter reversed course, moving toward Antares. For the following four months (April 10 to August 11, 2019), Jupiter will be traveling in retrograde (or westward), closing the gap between itself and the star Antares. Midway through this retrograde, on June 10, 2019, Jupiter will reach opposition.

From around the world in early June, Jupiter rises about 1/2 hour after sunset. By June 10, Jupiter rises as the sun sets. Thereafter, Jupiter enters the stage of sky before sunset.

Jupiter comes up first in the nightly procession of three bright planets. Saturn follows Jupiter into the sky about two hours after Jupiter first appears, and then Venus struggles to make a brief appearance in the eastern morning twilight.

Watch for the waning gibbous moon to swing by Jupiter on the evenings of June 14, 15 and 16, as displayed on the sky chart below.

Bright moon swings by the star Antares and planet Jupiter from June 14 to 16, 2019.

Watch the bright moon swing close to Jupiter on June 14, 15 and 18. Read more.

Saturn comes up up a few hours after Jupiter. Throughout June, Saturn and Jupiter rise earlier each day, both of them to climb above the horizon about two hours earlier by the month’s end. Saturn, although as bright as a 1st-magnitude star, pales in contrast to Jupiter. Jupiter outshines Saturn by some 14 times.

From mid-northern latitudes, Saturn comes up about two hours before the midnight hour (11 p.m. daylight saving time) in early June. (As a reminder, midnight in our usage means midway between sunset and sunrise.) By the month’s end, Saturn will rise around nightfall.

From temperate latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere, Saturn rises at or around 8 p.m. in early June. By the month’s end, Saturn will rise by nightfall.

Watch for the waning moon to couple up with Saturn around June 18, as shown on the sky chart below. If you’re in just the right spot in South America, you can actually watch the moon occult (cover over) Saturn. Click here to find out more.

Moon, Jupiter and Saturn in June evening sky.

For the several days from June 16 to June 18, watch as the moon moves from Jupiter to Saturn. Read more.

Mars lurks low in the west at dusk/nightfall and follows the sun beneath the horizon shortly thereafter. Mars has faded into 2nd-magnitude brightness, which makes this world all the harder to spot. Given a dark sky and some diligent searching, you should be able to spot this world in your western sky at early evening.

Click here for recommended sky almanacs providing you with the setting times for Mars for your location.

Watch for the young crescent moon to shine in the vicinity of Mars for several evenings, centered on or near June 6. The moon’s proximity might provide you with your best opportunity to catch Mars in the evening sky for the rest of 2019. Day by day, this planet is slowly but surely fading, and sinking closer to the afterglow of sunset.

Starting on June 12 or thereabouts, Mercury will be close enough to Mars for the twosome to take stage in a single binocular field. After that, look for Mercury and Mars to occupy the same binocular field till nearly the end of the month. Watch for Mercury and Mars to snuggle up quite close together in the evening sky on June 17, 18 and 19, with Mercury passing a scant 0.2 degrees north of Mars on June 18, to present the closest conjunction of two planets in 2019.

Mercury and Mars in conjunction on June 18, 2019.

Look westward for the close pairing of the planets Mercury and Mars on June 18, 2019. You may need binoculars to glimpse fainter Mars next to brighter Mercury. Read more.

What do we mean by bright planet? By bright planet, we mean any solar system planet that is easily visible without an optical aid and that has been watched by our ancestors since time immemorial. In their outward order from the sun, the five bright planets are Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. These planets actually do appear bright in our sky. They are typically as bright as – or brighter than – the brightest stars. Plus, these relatively nearby worlds tend to shine with a steadier light than the distant, twinkling stars. You can spot them, and come to know them as faithful friends, if you try.

silhouette of man against the sunset sky with bright planet and crescent moon.

Skywatcher, by Predrag Agatonovic.

Bottom line: In June 2019, Jupiter beams from dusk till dawn, whereas Venus fleetingly shows itself in the east before sunrise. Saturn is out from mid-evening till dawn. Mercury and Mars lurk low in the west at dusk, and showcase the year’s closest conjunction of two planets on June 18, 2019. Click here for recommended almanacs; they can help you know when the planets rise and set in your sky.

Don’t miss anything. Subscribe to EarthSky News by email

Visit EarthSky’s Best Places to Stargaze, and recommend a place we can all enjoy. Zoom out for worldwide map.

Help EarthSky keep going! Donate now.

Post your planet photos at EarthSky Community Photos



from EarthSky http://bit.ly/1YD00CF

Are we destined for satellite constellations?

Sky chart showing Mars, Mercury and various stars and constellations in the west after sunset on June 1, 2019, as viewed from 40 degrees N. latitude.

View larger. | Here is the evening sky for Saturday, June 1, 2019. Chart via Guy Ottewell’s blog.

Originally published at Guy Ottewell’s blog. Reprinted here with permission.

Editor’s Note: Skywatchers were awed last weekend to see a “train” of SpaceX Starlink satellites crossing the night sky. Many wanted to see them. Quickly, though, we began hearing rumbles from veteran observers about what will happen to our skies if and when SpaceX carries out its plan of deploying some 12,000 of these satellites. This post from astronomers Guy Ottewell is sure to be the first of many, expressing worry from lovers of Earth’s night skies.

The chart above shows the evening sky for Saturday, June 1, 2019.

Mars, traveling north of the northermost part of the ecliptic, was at its greatest declination north (more than 24°) on May 16. But it is still falling lower in the evening sky, to pass behind the sun on September 2. Mercury, moving in the opposite direction, came from behind the sun on May 21 and will be farthest out on June 23.

The moon is well below the horizon at this time – it will be new, passing the sun, on June 3. So the sky will be dark, if clear of clouds and of light-pollution.

But here is a guess at what this sky could look like after Elon Musk’s SpaceX company and nine others have launched their “constellations” of commercial satellites:

Sky chart showing Mars, Mercury and various stars and constellations in the west after sunset on June 1, 2019, with the addition of dozens of points representing SpaceX satellites.

View larger. | Same chart as above, but with a best-guess addition of the SpaceX Starlink satellites, once they’re fully deployed. Chart via Guy Ottewell’s blog.

Musk’s first 60 Starlink satellites were blasted into space on May 30.

They were 280 miles up and crossing from horizon to horizon in about five minutes. Their eventual height will be 240 miles (450 km), so that they will be less bright but above the horizon for longer and in sunlight for longer. They will be visible for three or four hours after sunset and before sunrise, which means that in the summer they will be visible all night.

There will be a first 1,584 of these satellites, and eventually 12,000. They are to be used for internet communication. Besides SpaceX, nine other companies are working on this “global space internet.”

Astronomers, as quoted by an article in The Guardian, were “surprised.” One said:

Everyone’s quite surprised by how bright they are.

They experienced “dismay as they began to calculate the potentially drastic impact on people’s views of the cosmos.” One might expect them to have rather easily, and early, calculated the extra light added to the sky and the area of sky blocked for telescopes. And one might expect a science correspondent to write a more astronomy-literate sentence than “Since the satellites are higher than the Earth’s surface, they remain illuminated by sunlight after sunset here.”

On looking again at the article, I see that I may have been optimistic about the density. Here’s how the first “train” of Starlinks appeared as it went over Holland.

SpaceX Starlink objects train May 24, 2019, from Marco Langbroek on Vimeo.

Is our children’s view of the universe to be roofed off by these “constellations” of artificial satellites?

There is something of an analogy with the constellation, or procession, or ant-trail of people now to be seen on Mount Everest. This photograph of a couple of days ago gave me a sharp shock:

A craggy, snowy peak in the background, and a long, single-file line of hikers, laden with gear, ascending to this peak.

Crowd of hikers ascending the summit of Mount Everest. Image via Guy Ottewell’s blog.

Where is Sirius? Where is the long outdoors apprenticeship of getting to know the starry sky? Where is the epic of the gradual winning to the world’s summit?

Bottom line: Thoughts on possible damage to the night skies from the SpaceX Starlink satellites.

Read more: SpaceX satellites could blight the night sky, warn astronomers



from EarthSky http://bit.ly/2QD9zFd
Sky chart showing Mars, Mercury and various stars and constellations in the west after sunset on June 1, 2019, as viewed from 40 degrees N. latitude.

View larger. | Here is the evening sky for Saturday, June 1, 2019. Chart via Guy Ottewell’s blog.

Originally published at Guy Ottewell’s blog. Reprinted here with permission.

Editor’s Note: Skywatchers were awed last weekend to see a “train” of SpaceX Starlink satellites crossing the night sky. Many wanted to see them. Quickly, though, we began hearing rumbles from veteran observers about what will happen to our skies if and when SpaceX carries out its plan of deploying some 12,000 of these satellites. This post from astronomers Guy Ottewell is sure to be the first of many, expressing worry from lovers of Earth’s night skies.

The chart above shows the evening sky for Saturday, June 1, 2019.

Mars, traveling north of the northermost part of the ecliptic, was at its greatest declination north (more than 24°) on May 16. But it is still falling lower in the evening sky, to pass behind the sun on September 2. Mercury, moving in the opposite direction, came from behind the sun on May 21 and will be farthest out on June 23.

The moon is well below the horizon at this time – it will be new, passing the sun, on June 3. So the sky will be dark, if clear of clouds and of light-pollution.

But here is a guess at what this sky could look like after Elon Musk’s SpaceX company and nine others have launched their “constellations” of commercial satellites:

Sky chart showing Mars, Mercury and various stars and constellations in the west after sunset on June 1, 2019, with the addition of dozens of points representing SpaceX satellites.

View larger. | Same chart as above, but with a best-guess addition of the SpaceX Starlink satellites, once they’re fully deployed. Chart via Guy Ottewell’s blog.

Musk’s first 60 Starlink satellites were blasted into space on May 30.

They were 280 miles up and crossing from horizon to horizon in about five minutes. Their eventual height will be 240 miles (450 km), so that they will be less bright but above the horizon for longer and in sunlight for longer. They will be visible for three or four hours after sunset and before sunrise, which means that in the summer they will be visible all night.

There will be a first 1,584 of these satellites, and eventually 12,000. They are to be used for internet communication. Besides SpaceX, nine other companies are working on this “global space internet.”

Astronomers, as quoted by an article in The Guardian, were “surprised.” One said:

Everyone’s quite surprised by how bright they are.

They experienced “dismay as they began to calculate the potentially drastic impact on people’s views of the cosmos.” One might expect them to have rather easily, and early, calculated the extra light added to the sky and the area of sky blocked for telescopes. And one might expect a science correspondent to write a more astronomy-literate sentence than “Since the satellites are higher than the Earth’s surface, they remain illuminated by sunlight after sunset here.”

On looking again at the article, I see that I may have been optimistic about the density. Here’s how the first “train” of Starlinks appeared as it went over Holland.

SpaceX Starlink objects train May 24, 2019, from Marco Langbroek on Vimeo.

Is our children’s view of the universe to be roofed off by these “constellations” of artificial satellites?

There is something of an analogy with the constellation, or procession, or ant-trail of people now to be seen on Mount Everest. This photograph of a couple of days ago gave me a sharp shock:

A craggy, snowy peak in the background, and a long, single-file line of hikers, laden with gear, ascending to this peak.

Crowd of hikers ascending the summit of Mount Everest. Image via Guy Ottewell’s blog.

Where is Sirius? Where is the long outdoors apprenticeship of getting to know the starry sky? Where is the epic of the gradual winning to the world’s summit?

Bottom line: Thoughts on possible damage to the night skies from the SpaceX Starlink satellites.

Read more: SpaceX satellites could blight the night sky, warn astronomers



from EarthSky http://bit.ly/2QD9zFd

News digest – ultra-processed food, liquid gel spacer, night shift work and how breast cancer spreads 

First NHS patient treated with radiotherapy liquid gel spacer 

The NHS has rolled out a new ‘liquid gel spacer’ which helps reduce the side effects of radiotherapy. Radiotherapy treats prostate cancer but can cause side effects such as bleeding, diarrhoea and incontinence. The gel is injected in the space between the prostate and the rectum and reduces the amount of radiation absorbed by the delicate organs around the prostate. Read the BBC for the details. 

Growing evidence against ultra-processed food  

New research has added to the growing body of evidence that eating ultra-processed foods, like instant noodles, bacon and chicken nuggets, can have adverse effects on health. The link between processed meat and cancer is well established but evidence surrounding the effect of other types of processed foods is less clear cut. These types of food have previously been linked with cancer, but we know regularly eating a lot of them can increase body weight, making it difficult to untangle the effects of diet and weight. This latest study, covered by a range of outlets including BBC, The Telegraph and ITV, reports that ultra-processed foods are linked to early death but did not find a link with cancer deaths. 

Promising results for prostate cancer follow up care trial  

A new way to reduce the time it takes for a patient to be diagnosed with prostate cancer has produced promising trial results. The method allows men to view the results of their blood test online, as soon as they are uploaded by the lab. The intention is that it could remove the need for some routine appointments and, according to The Expresscould reduce waiting times. But first, further research is needed to assess the longterm impact and cost-effectiveness of this self-management tool.

New insight on how breast cancer spreads  

Research that was only possible thanks to the generosity of those who donated their bodies after death has unveiled some extraordinary findings on the spread of breast cancer. Rather than spreading around the body in a continuous process, cancer spread seems to happen in waves. The New Scientist reports this finding, that is opening up new areas of research for the treatment of advanced cancer such as what triggers these waves and whether they can be paused. For more on this fascinating and hopeful research, check out our blog post. 

Breast cancer returning prediction tool could benefit NHS patients 

The Times covered the development of a prediction tool, which relies on four pieces of information gathered during surgery, to estimate the likelihood of breast cancer returning. Tumour size, patient age, the number of lymph nodes affected and the cancer cell type was used to give an image of how quickly the breast cancer grew and how likely it is to come back. The algorithm was able categorise a group of 2428 female breast cancer patients into three clear risk groups – high, medium and low. Experts suggest it could help stop some low risk patients being overtreated.   

No link found between night shift work and breast cancer 

A study of around 100,000 women concluded that those who had reported working night shifts over a 10 year period were no more likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer than women who had not worked night shifts in the same period of time. This adds to the evidence that night shift work is unlikely to affect breast cancer risk. The Guardian and Independent looked at this study. For a breakdown of the matter, check NHS behind the headlines.

This is what it’s like to work as a cancer researcher 

iNews speaks to a young Cancer Research UK researcher who is trying to find out why immunotherapy helps some people but not in others.  

And finally  

It’s every cancer scientists favourite time of the year! The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) is hosting its annual conference this weekend. Thousands of cancer experts are flocking to Chicago to present their work, with the press listening intently. Often this is a space for scientists to share preliminary results, meaning that it has yet to go through a peer reviewed journal. Even though the research is potentially exciting, media outlets may not always make the stage of the research clear. Our blog post helps you keep the work from ASCO in context and our animation gives you some top tips for evaluating a cancer news story.

We’ll be covering the latest cancer news to come out from the conference this weekend, so watch this space.

Ethan



from Cancer Research UK – Science blog http://bit.ly/2Mo2Z6P

First NHS patient treated with radiotherapy liquid gel spacer 

The NHS has rolled out a new ‘liquid gel spacer’ which helps reduce the side effects of radiotherapy. Radiotherapy treats prostate cancer but can cause side effects such as bleeding, diarrhoea and incontinence. The gel is injected in the space between the prostate and the rectum and reduces the amount of radiation absorbed by the delicate organs around the prostate. Read the BBC for the details. 

Growing evidence against ultra-processed food  

New research has added to the growing body of evidence that eating ultra-processed foods, like instant noodles, bacon and chicken nuggets, can have adverse effects on health. The link between processed meat and cancer is well established but evidence surrounding the effect of other types of processed foods is less clear cut. These types of food have previously been linked with cancer, but we know regularly eating a lot of them can increase body weight, making it difficult to untangle the effects of diet and weight. This latest study, covered by a range of outlets including BBC, The Telegraph and ITV, reports that ultra-processed foods are linked to early death but did not find a link with cancer deaths. 

Promising results for prostate cancer follow up care trial  

A new way to reduce the time it takes for a patient to be diagnosed with prostate cancer has produced promising trial results. The method allows men to view the results of their blood test online, as soon as they are uploaded by the lab. The intention is that it could remove the need for some routine appointments and, according to The Expresscould reduce waiting times. But first, further research is needed to assess the longterm impact and cost-effectiveness of this self-management tool.

New insight on how breast cancer spreads  

Research that was only possible thanks to the generosity of those who donated their bodies after death has unveiled some extraordinary findings on the spread of breast cancer. Rather than spreading around the body in a continuous process, cancer spread seems to happen in waves. The New Scientist reports this finding, that is opening up new areas of research for the treatment of advanced cancer such as what triggers these waves and whether they can be paused. For more on this fascinating and hopeful research, check out our blog post. 

Breast cancer returning prediction tool could benefit NHS patients 

The Times covered the development of a prediction tool, which relies on four pieces of information gathered during surgery, to estimate the likelihood of breast cancer returning. Tumour size, patient age, the number of lymph nodes affected and the cancer cell type was used to give an image of how quickly the breast cancer grew and how likely it is to come back. The algorithm was able categorise a group of 2428 female breast cancer patients into three clear risk groups – high, medium and low. Experts suggest it could help stop some low risk patients being overtreated.   

No link found between night shift work and breast cancer 

A study of around 100,000 women concluded that those who had reported working night shifts over a 10 year period were no more likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer than women who had not worked night shifts in the same period of time. This adds to the evidence that night shift work is unlikely to affect breast cancer risk. The Guardian and Independent looked at this study. For a breakdown of the matter, check NHS behind the headlines.

This is what it’s like to work as a cancer researcher 

iNews speaks to a young Cancer Research UK researcher who is trying to find out why immunotherapy helps some people but not in others.  

And finally  

It’s every cancer scientists favourite time of the year! The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) is hosting its annual conference this weekend. Thousands of cancer experts are flocking to Chicago to present their work, with the press listening intently. Often this is a space for scientists to share preliminary results, meaning that it has yet to go through a peer reviewed journal. Even though the research is potentially exciting, media outlets may not always make the stage of the research clear. Our blog post helps you keep the work from ASCO in context and our animation gives you some top tips for evaluating a cancer news story.

We’ll be covering the latest cancer news to come out from the conference this weekend, so watch this space.

Ethan



from Cancer Research UK – Science blog http://bit.ly/2Mo2Z6P