Weekend Diversion: I’m Going To Be AXE COP! (Synopsis) [Starts With A Bang]

“I have signs in my kitchen to remind me not to eat breakfast and that my job is always. Most cops work only at night or at day. I am a lucky cop because I work both. Tomorrow we do it all again, because my job is not day shift or night shift. It’s always shift.” –Axe Cop

One day, at the scene of the fire, the cop found the perfect axe. That was the day he became AXE COP! Axe Cop began as a comic, expanded into an “Ask Axe Cop” series…

Image credit: Ethan & Malachai Nicolle, Ask Axe Cop #54.

Image credit: Ethan & Malachai Nicolle, Ask Axe Cop #54.

…and most prominently, became a TV show on Fox, having just finished its second season. One of the constraints on my Halloween costumes the past few years is that I have to find a way to incorporate my facial hair, and so this year, the allure of “Axe Cop with crazy pizza hair with a super curly beard and mustache with a robot ghost inside” was too much!

Image credit: E. Siegel and family, Halloween 2015.

Image credit: E. Siegel and family, Halloween 2015.

Come see all the photos and learn how the costume was executed as we celebrate Halloween 2015!



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“I have signs in my kitchen to remind me not to eat breakfast and that my job is always. Most cops work only at night or at day. I am a lucky cop because I work both. Tomorrow we do it all again, because my job is not day shift or night shift. It’s always shift.” –Axe Cop

One day, at the scene of the fire, the cop found the perfect axe. That was the day he became AXE COP! Axe Cop began as a comic, expanded into an “Ask Axe Cop” series…

Image credit: Ethan & Malachai Nicolle, Ask Axe Cop #54.

Image credit: Ethan & Malachai Nicolle, Ask Axe Cop #54.

…and most prominently, became a TV show on Fox, having just finished its second season. One of the constraints on my Halloween costumes the past few years is that I have to find a way to incorporate my facial hair, and so this year, the allure of “Axe Cop with crazy pizza hair with a super curly beard and mustache with a robot ghost inside” was too much!

Image credit: E. Siegel and family, Halloween 2015.

Image credit: E. Siegel and family, Halloween 2015.

Come see all the photos and learn how the costume was executed as we celebrate Halloween 2015!



from ScienceBlogs http://ift.tt/1GV8scs

AFRL Uncovering Safer Solutions for Aircraft Corrosion Prevention

An F-15 outer piston is anodized and sealed with new potassium permanganate sealer at Ogden Air Logistics Complex. AFRL researchers identified and tested this non-chromium sealer as a safer alternative to chromium-based products, and it is now fully incorporated into OO-ALC’s coating process. (U.S. Air Force Photo)

An F-15 outer piston is anodized and sealed with new potassium permanganate sealer at Ogden Air Logistics Complex. AFRL researchers identified and tested this non-chromium sealer as a safer alternative to chromium-based products, and it is now fully incorporated into OO-ALC’s coating process. (U.S. Air Force Photo)

By Holly Jordan
AFRL Materials and Manufacturing Directorate

The Air Force Research Laboratory’s Environmental Technology Program and Coating Technology Integration Office are  playing a critical role in the discovery of environmentally-safer inorganic coatings solutions for protecting and extending the life of aluminum landing gear components in U.S. Air Force aircraft.

Working with aircraft maintainers at the Ogden Air Logistics Complex, AFRL researchers identified and tested a variety of non-chromium sealers to anodize aluminum aircraft landing gear components to reduce and prevent corrosion.

Non-chromium coatings and materials are increasingly important to the Air Force because of the harmful nature of chromate-based products.  Chromium is listed on the Environmental Protection Agency’s list of industrial toxic chemicals due to its toxicity to humans if inhaled or otherwise ingested.  In 2009, a Department of Defense directive restricted the use of chromium-based compounds on military vehicles and weapon systems.

In order to find a suitable alternative material, AFRL researchers identified non-chromate materials that would perform similarly to the traditionally-used sodium dichromate sealers.  They tested various types of sealers by coating test panels and landing gear components and anodizing the components using the same process as maintenance depots.  They also performed additional tests that were specific to the needs of OO-ALC.

After testing four different products, AFRL researchers identified a permanganate-based sealer―now being marketed as SafeGard CC-5000 by Sanchem, Inc.―that met, and in some cases, exceeded, the necessary criteria.  They then presented the data to OO-ALC, where it was approved for use on landing gear wheels, brakes, and struts.  In September 2015, the sealer was transitioned to OO-ALC and fully incorporated into the coating process.

“The transition and full implementation of this material is critical to Air Force as it moves toward more environmentally and health-conscious maintenance solutions,” said Dr. Elizabeth Berman, AFRL Senior Materials Research Engineer.  “The fact that this safer material provides the same protection as the old materials makes it the ideal solution.”

AFRL’s EnviroTech Program executes development and demonstration of alternative environmentally-preferred technologies.  The EnviroTech mission is to scope and develop technologies to meet user requirements, progress solutions through Technology Readiness Levels, and highlight technology transition activities for Air Force enterprise use.



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An F-15 outer piston is anodized and sealed with new potassium permanganate sealer at Ogden Air Logistics Complex. AFRL researchers identified and tested this non-chromium sealer as a safer alternative to chromium-based products, and it is now fully incorporated into OO-ALC’s coating process. (U.S. Air Force Photo)

An F-15 outer piston is anodized and sealed with new potassium permanganate sealer at Ogden Air Logistics Complex. AFRL researchers identified and tested this non-chromium sealer as a safer alternative to chromium-based products, and it is now fully incorporated into OO-ALC’s coating process. (U.S. Air Force Photo)

By Holly Jordan
AFRL Materials and Manufacturing Directorate

The Air Force Research Laboratory’s Environmental Technology Program and Coating Technology Integration Office are  playing a critical role in the discovery of environmentally-safer inorganic coatings solutions for protecting and extending the life of aluminum landing gear components in U.S. Air Force aircraft.

Working with aircraft maintainers at the Ogden Air Logistics Complex, AFRL researchers identified and tested a variety of non-chromium sealers to anodize aluminum aircraft landing gear components to reduce and prevent corrosion.

Non-chromium coatings and materials are increasingly important to the Air Force because of the harmful nature of chromate-based products.  Chromium is listed on the Environmental Protection Agency’s list of industrial toxic chemicals due to its toxicity to humans if inhaled or otherwise ingested.  In 2009, a Department of Defense directive restricted the use of chromium-based compounds on military vehicles and weapon systems.

In order to find a suitable alternative material, AFRL researchers identified non-chromate materials that would perform similarly to the traditionally-used sodium dichromate sealers.  They tested various types of sealers by coating test panels and landing gear components and anodizing the components using the same process as maintenance depots.  They also performed additional tests that were specific to the needs of OO-ALC.

After testing four different products, AFRL researchers identified a permanganate-based sealer―now being marketed as SafeGard CC-5000 by Sanchem, Inc.―that met, and in some cases, exceeded, the necessary criteria.  They then presented the data to OO-ALC, where it was approved for use on landing gear wheels, brakes, and struts.  In September 2015, the sealer was transitioned to OO-ALC and fully incorporated into the coating process.

“The transition and full implementation of this material is critical to Air Force as it moves toward more environmentally and health-conscious maintenance solutions,” said Dr. Elizabeth Berman, AFRL Senior Materials Research Engineer.  “The fact that this safer material provides the same protection as the old materials makes it the ideal solution.”

AFRL’s EnviroTech Program executes development and demonstration of alternative environmentally-preferred technologies.  The EnviroTech mission is to scope and develop technologies to meet user requirements, progress solutions through Technology Readiness Levels, and highlight technology transition activities for Air Force enterprise use.



from Armed with Science http://ift.tt/1WrvZDL

What’s the birthstone for November?

The word ‘topaz,’ birthstone for the month of November, comes from a Sanskrit word meaning “fire.” And in ancient lore, the topaz could be used to control heat. It was said to have the power to cool boiling water, as well as excessive anger. As medication, topaz was used to cure fever.

Photo credit: Orbital Joe/Flickr

Photo credit: Orbital Joe/Flickr

Topaz occurs in a range of magnificent colors – blue, pale green, varying shades of yellow, pink, red, brown and even black. Pure topaz itself is a colorless stone. Red and some pink topaz get their colors from chromium that is substituted for aluminum in the crystals. But most other colors occur due to minor element substitutions and defects in the crystal. Some colors are unstable and can fade away; for example, brown topaz mined in Siberia can be bleached by sunlight. In other stones, color changes can be induced by heating. High energy irradiation and moderate heat treatment of colorless topaz can transform it to blue gemstones.

Chemically, topaz is known as aluminum silicate fluoride hydroxide. Because of strong chemical bonds within this mineral, topaz is the hardest of silicate minerals. Topaz gemstones occur in a large variety of sizes, from tiny crystals to large rocks. The biggest uncut stone, a specimen found in Brazil weighing almost 600 pounds, is on display at the American Museum of Natural History in New York. A famous cut topaz in history is found among the crown jewels of Portugal, a magnificent yellow stone weighing 12 ounces.

This gem, with its lively fire, clarity, beautiful colors and hardness is ideal for jewelry such as clips, necklaces, brooches and bracelets. Pure topaz, when brilliantly cut, can be often mistaken for a diamond. Because of its rarity, topaz is an expensive gem. The most valued and rarest color is red. Imperial topaz-sherry colored varieties of brownish-yellow, orange-yellow and reddish brown-are the most popular topaz stones and command high prices, as do pink colored stones. Light blue and pale yellow topaz are of less value, but are nevertheless stunning in beauty.

Brazil is the largest producer of topaz, the most notable source being the Minas Geranis region. Gems are also found in Russia, the Ukraine, Pakistan, Scotland, Japan and Sri Lanka. In the United States, the gemstones have been found in Colorado and California.

During the Middle Ages, the topaz was used mostly by royalty and clergy. A 13th century belief held that a topaz engraved with a falcon helped its wearer cultivate the goodwill of kings, princes and magnates.

Topaz was once thought to strengthen the mind, increase wisdom, and prevent mental disorders. It was thought to guard against sudden death. Powdered topaz added to wine was used to prevent asthma and insomnia. A cure for weak vision called for immersing the stone in wine for three days and nights, then rubbing the liquid on the eyes.

Find out about the birthstones for the other months of the year:
January birthstone
February birthstone
March birthstone
April birthstone
May birthstone
July birthstone
August birthstone
September birthstone
October birthstone
November birthstone
December birthstone

Image Credit: Captmondo



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The word ‘topaz,’ birthstone for the month of November, comes from a Sanskrit word meaning “fire.” And in ancient lore, the topaz could be used to control heat. It was said to have the power to cool boiling water, as well as excessive anger. As medication, topaz was used to cure fever.

Photo credit: Orbital Joe/Flickr

Photo credit: Orbital Joe/Flickr

Topaz occurs in a range of magnificent colors – blue, pale green, varying shades of yellow, pink, red, brown and even black. Pure topaz itself is a colorless stone. Red and some pink topaz get their colors from chromium that is substituted for aluminum in the crystals. But most other colors occur due to minor element substitutions and defects in the crystal. Some colors are unstable and can fade away; for example, brown topaz mined in Siberia can be bleached by sunlight. In other stones, color changes can be induced by heating. High energy irradiation and moderate heat treatment of colorless topaz can transform it to blue gemstones.

Chemically, topaz is known as aluminum silicate fluoride hydroxide. Because of strong chemical bonds within this mineral, topaz is the hardest of silicate minerals. Topaz gemstones occur in a large variety of sizes, from tiny crystals to large rocks. The biggest uncut stone, a specimen found in Brazil weighing almost 600 pounds, is on display at the American Museum of Natural History in New York. A famous cut topaz in history is found among the crown jewels of Portugal, a magnificent yellow stone weighing 12 ounces.

This gem, with its lively fire, clarity, beautiful colors and hardness is ideal for jewelry such as clips, necklaces, brooches and bracelets. Pure topaz, when brilliantly cut, can be often mistaken for a diamond. Because of its rarity, topaz is an expensive gem. The most valued and rarest color is red. Imperial topaz-sherry colored varieties of brownish-yellow, orange-yellow and reddish brown-are the most popular topaz stones and command high prices, as do pink colored stones. Light blue and pale yellow topaz are of less value, but are nevertheless stunning in beauty.

Brazil is the largest producer of topaz, the most notable source being the Minas Geranis region. Gems are also found in Russia, the Ukraine, Pakistan, Scotland, Japan and Sri Lanka. In the United States, the gemstones have been found in Colorado and California.

During the Middle Ages, the topaz was used mostly by royalty and clergy. A 13th century belief held that a topaz engraved with a falcon helped its wearer cultivate the goodwill of kings, princes and magnates.

Topaz was once thought to strengthen the mind, increase wisdom, and prevent mental disorders. It was thought to guard against sudden death. Powdered topaz added to wine was used to prevent asthma and insomnia. A cure for weak vision called for immersing the stone in wine for three days and nights, then rubbing the liquid on the eyes.

Find out about the birthstones for the other months of the year:
January birthstone
February birthstone
March birthstone
April birthstone
May birthstone
July birthstone
August birthstone
September birthstone
October birthstone
November birthstone
December birthstone

Image Credit: Captmondo



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Ancillary Trilogy [Library of Babel] [Uncertain Principles]

The hot SF release of the fall is Ann Leckie’s Ancillary Mercy, concluding the Imperial Radch trilogy. The first of these, Ancillary Justice won a Hugo two years ago, and the second, Ancillary Sword should’ve won this past year, because I really didn’t like the Three-Body Problem.

The release of Ancillary Mercy generated a ton of buzz, to the point where, as I remarked on Twitter, I felt as if I were letting down some ill-defined “side” by not being more excited about it. But while I liked Ancillary Justice quite a bit (it’s the rare book I’ve voted for the Best Novel Hugo that’s actually won), I thought Ancillary Mercy was very much a middle-book-in-a-trilogy, with all the problems that implies. It had some nice bits, but didn’t really resolve anything, and it wasn’t clear to me that all the remaining issues could really be tied up in the third volume.

(Part of my problem with it was the fault of the publisher who did the ebook edition. They tacked on a thirty-page preview of some other book, which inflated the page count dramatically. This made the ending seem even more abrupt than it actually is, as I was looking at the little counter on the bottom of my screen and thinking there was one more big setpiece to come…)

Anyway, as I feel some obligation to make sensible nominating decisions for next year’s Hugos, I made a point of reading this right away, and my concern about the ending both was and was not well-founded. That is, it was, in fact, possible for Leckie to bring the many important issues left dangling at the end of Ancillary Sword to a conclusion, but only because the author’s idea of what the most important issues were was very different than mine.

(I’ll try to keep this very general, but if you’re strongly anti-SPOILERS, you might not want to read further)

The issue really has to do with the shape and scope of the books. Ancillary Justice starts small, and ends big– it begins with one individual’s quest for personal revenge, but as the plot unfolds, this turns out to have major implications for a vast interstellar empire. The second book sorta-kinda repeats this on a somewhat larger scale– the protagonist is placed in charge of a space station in a relative backwater, and forced to deal with a lot of local issues that in the end turn out to have some connection to empire-scale issues.

The connection to the big interstellar conflict only comes in very briefly at the end of the second volume, which is why the ending felt abrupt and unsatisfying to me– too much of that part of the overarching plot was left unresolved. The local stories all got plenty of attention, and were dealt with in a full and complete way, but the galactic-scale stuff that I found really fascinating was pushed to the background.

The third volume repeats this pattern in a way that makes clear that the problem with the second wasn’t a failure of writing or plotting, but a difference of opinion about what was really important. Once again, local issues are foregrounded, and while the galactic-scale conflict does re-enter, it gets relatively little time, and is resolved in a way that’s way too deus ex machina for my tastes. Which makes perfect sense if you view the emotional arc of Breq and her various lieutenants and subordinates as the really important part of the story, and that’s very well done. It’s just not what I wanted or expected after the first book.

(A flippant summary of the problem, riffing off a very different work: I was expecting and hoping for a book about interstellar civil war, but the book I got was more concerned with gentrification.)

And, you know, that’s a perfectly valid artistic and aesthetic choice. It just happens to lead to a book that’s ends up being disappointing to me, because I wanted something else from the overall story. And, of course, having been disappointed in the ending then colors my retrospective impressions of the rest of it– some of the more stylistically innovative aspects of the series and up looking like problems rather than strengths, to me. But then, I can’t say with any confidence that this reflects a real issue with the storytelling rather than just a mental downgrading of the whole thing because I didn’t like the way it ended.

So, that’s my wishy-washy summary of maybe the most celebrated SF series of recent years. Which, like many of my less-positive reviews, boils down to “It’s very good if it’s the kind of thing you’re looking for.” It turned out not to be the kind of thing I was looking for, and as a result was ultimately disappointing, but somebody coming at it with different expectations might well regard it as a triumph.



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The hot SF release of the fall is Ann Leckie’s Ancillary Mercy, concluding the Imperial Radch trilogy. The first of these, Ancillary Justice won a Hugo two years ago, and the second, Ancillary Sword should’ve won this past year, because I really didn’t like the Three-Body Problem.

The release of Ancillary Mercy generated a ton of buzz, to the point where, as I remarked on Twitter, I felt as if I were letting down some ill-defined “side” by not being more excited about it. But while I liked Ancillary Justice quite a bit (it’s the rare book I’ve voted for the Best Novel Hugo that’s actually won), I thought Ancillary Mercy was very much a middle-book-in-a-trilogy, with all the problems that implies. It had some nice bits, but didn’t really resolve anything, and it wasn’t clear to me that all the remaining issues could really be tied up in the third volume.

(Part of my problem with it was the fault of the publisher who did the ebook edition. They tacked on a thirty-page preview of some other book, which inflated the page count dramatically. This made the ending seem even more abrupt than it actually is, as I was looking at the little counter on the bottom of my screen and thinking there was one more big setpiece to come…)

Anyway, as I feel some obligation to make sensible nominating decisions for next year’s Hugos, I made a point of reading this right away, and my concern about the ending both was and was not well-founded. That is, it was, in fact, possible for Leckie to bring the many important issues left dangling at the end of Ancillary Sword to a conclusion, but only because the author’s idea of what the most important issues were was very different than mine.

(I’ll try to keep this very general, but if you’re strongly anti-SPOILERS, you might not want to read further)

The issue really has to do with the shape and scope of the books. Ancillary Justice starts small, and ends big– it begins with one individual’s quest for personal revenge, but as the plot unfolds, this turns out to have major implications for a vast interstellar empire. The second book sorta-kinda repeats this on a somewhat larger scale– the protagonist is placed in charge of a space station in a relative backwater, and forced to deal with a lot of local issues that in the end turn out to have some connection to empire-scale issues.

The connection to the big interstellar conflict only comes in very briefly at the end of the second volume, which is why the ending felt abrupt and unsatisfying to me– too much of that part of the overarching plot was left unresolved. The local stories all got plenty of attention, and were dealt with in a full and complete way, but the galactic-scale stuff that I found really fascinating was pushed to the background.

The third volume repeats this pattern in a way that makes clear that the problem with the second wasn’t a failure of writing or plotting, but a difference of opinion about what was really important. Once again, local issues are foregrounded, and while the galactic-scale conflict does re-enter, it gets relatively little time, and is resolved in a way that’s way too deus ex machina for my tastes. Which makes perfect sense if you view the emotional arc of Breq and her various lieutenants and subordinates as the really important part of the story, and that’s very well done. It’s just not what I wanted or expected after the first book.

(A flippant summary of the problem, riffing off a very different work: I was expecting and hoping for a book about interstellar civil war, but the book I got was more concerned with gentrification.)

And, you know, that’s a perfectly valid artistic and aesthetic choice. It just happens to lead to a book that’s ends up being disappointing to me, because I wanted something else from the overall story. And, of course, having been disappointed in the ending then colors my retrospective impressions of the rest of it– some of the more stylistically innovative aspects of the series and up looking like problems rather than strengths, to me. But then, I can’t say with any confidence that this reflects a real issue with the storytelling rather than just a mental downgrading of the whole thing because I didn’t like the way it ended.

So, that’s my wishy-washy summary of maybe the most celebrated SF series of recent years. Which, like many of my less-positive reviews, boils down to “It’s very good if it’s the kind of thing you’re looking for.” It turned out not to be the kind of thing I was looking for, and as a result was ultimately disappointing, but somebody coming at it with different expectations might well regard it as a triumph.



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Ozone hole 2015

Image credit: NASA

Image credit: NASA

According to satellite data, the annual Antarctic ozone hole area was larger and formed later in 2015 than in recent years, said scientists from NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

On October 2, 2015, the ozone hole reached its largest single-day area for the year. The image above, based on satellite data, shows the hole on that day. It spanned 28.2 million square kilometers (10.9 million square miles)— the fourth-largest area measured since the start of the satellite record in 1979. The largest single-day ozone hole recorded by satellite was 29.9 million square kilometers (11.5 million square miles) on September 9, 2000.

The ozone “hole” is not literally a hole; rather, the phenomenon is defined as the area where the concentration of ozone drops below the historical threshold of 220 Dobson Units, the most common unit for measuring ozone concentration. In the image above, those areas are purple and blue.

The ozone depletion phenomenon is seasonal, starting each year during the Antarctic spring and peaking between mid-September and early October. In 2015, the hole started slowly but then quickly expanded to cover a large area. The average size in September–October 2015 was 25.6 million square kilometers (9.9 million square miles)—also the fourth largest since the start of the satellite record. The largest September–October average on record was 26.6 million square kilometers (10.3 million square miles) in 2006.

In 2015, ozone concentrations also plunged lower than in recent years. On October 4, ozone reached an annual minimum concentration of 101 Dobson Units.

While the ozone hole area was large in 2015, the size was consistent with what scientists know about ozone depletion and chemistry. According to NASA atmospheric scientist Paul Newman, there are still plenty of ozone-depleting chlorine and bromine compounds present in the stratosphere. Moreover, the lower stratosphere was colder than in previous years, which creates favorable conditions for ozone-depleting chemical reactions.

Visit World of Change: Antarctic Ozone Hole to see how the holes have evolved since 1979.

Bottom line: According to scientists from NASA and NOAA, the 2015 Antarctic ozone hole area was larger and formed later than in recent years.

Enjoying EarthSky? Sign up for our free daily newsletter today!



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Image credit: NASA

Image credit: NASA

According to satellite data, the annual Antarctic ozone hole area was larger and formed later in 2015 than in recent years, said scientists from NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

On October 2, 2015, the ozone hole reached its largest single-day area for the year. The image above, based on satellite data, shows the hole on that day. It spanned 28.2 million square kilometers (10.9 million square miles)— the fourth-largest area measured since the start of the satellite record in 1979. The largest single-day ozone hole recorded by satellite was 29.9 million square kilometers (11.5 million square miles) on September 9, 2000.

The ozone “hole” is not literally a hole; rather, the phenomenon is defined as the area where the concentration of ozone drops below the historical threshold of 220 Dobson Units, the most common unit for measuring ozone concentration. In the image above, those areas are purple and blue.

The ozone depletion phenomenon is seasonal, starting each year during the Antarctic spring and peaking between mid-September and early October. In 2015, the hole started slowly but then quickly expanded to cover a large area. The average size in September–October 2015 was 25.6 million square kilometers (9.9 million square miles)—also the fourth largest since the start of the satellite record. The largest September–October average on record was 26.6 million square kilometers (10.3 million square miles) in 2006.

In 2015, ozone concentrations also plunged lower than in recent years. On October 4, ozone reached an annual minimum concentration of 101 Dobson Units.

While the ozone hole area was large in 2015, the size was consistent with what scientists know about ozone depletion and chemistry. According to NASA atmospheric scientist Paul Newman, there are still plenty of ozone-depleting chlorine and bromine compounds present in the stratosphere. Moreover, the lower stratosphere was colder than in previous years, which creates favorable conditions for ozone-depleting chemical reactions.

Visit World of Change: Antarctic Ozone Hole to see how the holes have evolved since 1979.

Bottom line: According to scientists from NASA and NOAA, the 2015 Antarctic ozone hole area was larger and formed later than in recent years.

Enjoying EarthSky? Sign up for our free daily newsletter today!



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Dance of predawn planets and moon

Tomorrow before dawn – November 2, 2015 – notice how close the brightest planet Venus is to fainter and redder Mars. About a week ago, on October 26, it was Venus and Jupiter in conjunction in the east before dawn. On November 3, Venus will have a conjunction with the red planet Mars in the predawn hours, with Jupiter hovering over these embracing worlds.

Soon, the moon will join these worlds before dawn.

The wonderful scenes in the predawn sky continue!

Morning planets, as seen from the middle of the Pacific Ocean. Brightest one is Venus. Mars just below it. Jupiter - second-brightest - above Venus. Bryan Goff took this photo on October 30. He wrote:

Morning planets, as seen from the middle of the Pacific Ocean. Brightest one is Venus. Mars just below it. Jupiter – second-brightest – above Venus. Bryan Goff took this photo on October 30. He wrote: “I am on USCGC Stratton and we are currently deployed at sea.” Thank you, Bryan … and thank you again.

Even if morning dawn is lighting the sky when you get outside, you should have little trouble spotting dazzling Venus and brilliant Jupiter, the third-brightest and fourth-brightest celestial bodies, respectively, after the sun and moon. You might have to wake up before dawn – say, 60 to 90 minutes before sunrise – to view Mars, however.

Have binoculars? Aim them at Venus to see Mars. You’ll see Venus and Mars within a single binocular field for several days in early November, 2015.

In fact, you won’t want to miss the beautiful dance of the moon and planets in the ballroom of early morning throughout the whole first week of November. The sky chart below gives you some idea of what to expect.

The early riser gets to enjoy a superb view of the moon and planets throughout the first week of November 2015. The green line depicts the ecliptic - Earth's orbital plane projected onto the great dome of sky.

The early riser gets to enjoy a superb view of the moon and planets throughout the first week of November 2015. The green line depicts the ecliptic – Earth’s orbital plane projected onto the great dome of sky.

Bottom line: Think photo opportunity as you watch the close-knit coupling of Venus and Mars, plus the dance of the moon and planets in the first week of November, 2015!

EarthSky lunar calendars are cool! They make great gifts. Order now. Going fast!

Donate: Your support means the world to us



from EarthSky http://ift.tt/1KP3ZTI

Tomorrow before dawn – November 2, 2015 – notice how close the brightest planet Venus is to fainter and redder Mars. About a week ago, on October 26, it was Venus and Jupiter in conjunction in the east before dawn. On November 3, Venus will have a conjunction with the red planet Mars in the predawn hours, with Jupiter hovering over these embracing worlds.

Soon, the moon will join these worlds before dawn.

The wonderful scenes in the predawn sky continue!

Morning planets, as seen from the middle of the Pacific Ocean. Brightest one is Venus. Mars just below it. Jupiter - second-brightest - above Venus. Bryan Goff took this photo on October 30. He wrote:

Morning planets, as seen from the middle of the Pacific Ocean. Brightest one is Venus. Mars just below it. Jupiter – second-brightest – above Venus. Bryan Goff took this photo on October 30. He wrote: “I am on USCGC Stratton and we are currently deployed at sea.” Thank you, Bryan … and thank you again.

Even if morning dawn is lighting the sky when you get outside, you should have little trouble spotting dazzling Venus and brilliant Jupiter, the third-brightest and fourth-brightest celestial bodies, respectively, after the sun and moon. You might have to wake up before dawn – say, 60 to 90 minutes before sunrise – to view Mars, however.

Have binoculars? Aim them at Venus to see Mars. You’ll see Venus and Mars within a single binocular field for several days in early November, 2015.

In fact, you won’t want to miss the beautiful dance of the moon and planets in the ballroom of early morning throughout the whole first week of November. The sky chart below gives you some idea of what to expect.

The early riser gets to enjoy a superb view of the moon and planets throughout the first week of November 2015. The green line depicts the ecliptic - Earth's orbital plane projected onto the great dome of sky.

The early riser gets to enjoy a superb view of the moon and planets throughout the first week of November 2015. The green line depicts the ecliptic – Earth’s orbital plane projected onto the great dome of sky.

Bottom line: Think photo opportunity as you watch the close-knit coupling of Venus and Mars, plus the dance of the moon and planets in the first week of November, 2015!

EarthSky lunar calendars are cool! They make great gifts. Order now. Going fast!

Donate: Your support means the world to us



from EarthSky http://ift.tt/1KP3ZTI

November 2015 Open Thread [Deltoid]

More thread.



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More thread.



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