All right, I definitely want to go there.
It also looks as though MBARI has a multi-barrel squid-sucker, according to this video.
I want one!
All right, I definitely want to go there.
It also looks as though MBARI has a multi-barrel squid-sucker, according to this video.
I want one!
The Quadrantid meteor shower is always the first meteor shower of every new year, and 2015 is no exception. The bad news is that, in 2015, there’s an almost-full waxing gibbous moon. Now the good news. We said almost full. There will be a window of darkness after moonset and before dawn, on both the mornings of January 3 and January 4. Try those hours for watching the 2015 Quadrantids. More good news. The Quadranatids can match the meteor numbers (50 to 100 meteors or more an hour) of the better-known August Perseid and December Geminid showers. However, the Quadrantids’ peak is very narrow. The peaks of the Perseid shower or Geminid shower persist more or less for a day or more, allowing all time zones around the world to enjoy a good display of Perseids and Geminids. Meanwhile, the peak of the Quadrantid meteor shower lasts only a few hours. So you have to be on the right part of Earth, the part that’s in nighttime – preferably with the radiant high in your sky – during those few hours of the shower’s peak, in order to see the most Quadrantid meteors. Follow the links below to learn more about the Quadrantids in 2014.
What are the peak dates for the Quadrantid shower in 2015?
Who will see the Quadrantid meteor shower best in 2015?
What time should I watch the Quadrantid meteor shower in 2015?
Where is the radiant point for the Quadrantid shower?
The Quadrantids are named for a constellation that no longer exists.
Quadrantid meteors have a mysterious parent object.
View larger. | In 2014, as the Quadrantids were flying, those at far northern latitudes were seeing auroras. Tommy Eliassen Photography captured this photo on January 3, 2014. Thank you, Tommy! Visit Tommy Eliassen Photo
What are the peak dates for the Quadrantid shower in 2015? Different sources give different dates and precise times for meteor shower peaks. We are relying on the Observer’s Handbook 2015 and the International Meteor Organization (IMO) to help us out. Both of these sources give the date of peak on January 4, and the time at 2:00 Universal Time.
If that prediction holds true, the peak will be 8 p.m. for the central United States on January 3; in other words, the radiant point for this shower will still be beneath the horizon for us in the U.S. Asia may be favored for this year’s shower. But the predictions aren’t always accurate. This is nature, after all. If the peak comes a quarter to one-third day later than predicted, we in the U.S could be in luck.
If you’re willing to take the chance, we recommend watching before dawn on January 3 and 4, with the nod going to January 4. Shortly before dawn, the moon will be low in the west, or will have already set. Click here to find out your moonset time. Sit in a moon shadow with an otherwise open view of the predawn sky, and if you’re really lucky, you might see as many as 40 meteors in one hour.
One note: The shower favors the Northern Hemisphere because its radiant point is so far north on the sky’s dome.
What time should I watch the Quadrantid meteor shower in 2015? All other things being equal, for any meteor showers, you are likely to see the most meteors when the radiant is high in the sky. In the case of the Quadrantid shower, the radiant point is seen highest in the sky in the dark hour before dawn. In 2015, that’s good news because a bright moon is up until just before dawn.
Unlike most meteor showers, you have to hope that the narrow peak of Quadrantid shower happens at or near the same hour that the radiant point resides highest in your sky. Here’s that peak time again, according to the International Meteor Organization: January 4 at 2:00 Universal Time. Click here to translate Universal Time to your time zone.
Barry Simmons in Lake Martin, Alabama captured this Quadrantid meteor on the morning of January 3, 2014. Thank you, Barry.
If the prediction holds – which is a big IF – northwestern Asia and East Europe will be in the best position to watch this year’s Quadrantid shower, during the dark hour before dawn January 4, 2015. The shadow line crossing Asia represents sunrise January 4.
Who will see the Quadrantid meteor shower best in 2015? The world map above shows the day and night sides of Earth at the instant of the predicted peak of the 2015 Quadrantids, which should be before dawn on January 4 for northwestern Asia and East Europe. On the worldwide map, the shadow line running across Asia represents sunrise.
Keep in mind that this forecast represents a best guess, not an ironclad guarantee as to when the peak will actually happen. If the peak comes a few to several hours earlier than predicted, the eastern part of Asia might see the shower peak before dawn on January 4.
Now here’s the unfortunate news for all of us, no matter where we are in the Northern Hemisphere. In 2015, the almost-full waxing gibbous moon will stay out nearly all night long, setting in the west in the wee hours before sunrise.
The radiant point for the Quadrantid shower is highest up in the sky during the dark hour before dawn. If the peak of the shower comes as predicted – and that’s a big if – then northwestern Asia and East Europe should be in a good place to watch this year’s Quadrantid meteor shower. But die-hard meteor watchers in other parts of the Northern Hemisphere will brave the cold anyway, hoping to glimpse a meteor or two! Remember, the peak could come earlier or later than predicted.
From mid-northern latitudes, the radiant point for the Quadrantid shower doesn’t climb over the horizon until after midnight.
Where is the radiant point for the Quadrantid shower? The radiant point of the Quadrantid shower makes an approximate right angle with the Big Dipper and the bright star Arcturus. If you trace the paths of the Quadrantid meteors backward, they appear to radiate from this point on the starry sky.
But you don’t need to find the meteor shower radiant to see the Quadrantid meteors. You have to be at mid-northern or far-northern latitudes, up in the wee hours of the morning and hope the peak comes at just the right time to your part of the world.
The now-defunct constellation Quadrans Muralis, for which the Quadrantids are named. Image via Atlas Coelestis.
The Quadrantids are named for a constellation that no longer exists. Most meteor showers are named for the constellations from which they appear to radiate. So it is with the Quadrantids. But the Quadrantids’ constellation no longer exists. The name Quadrantids comes from the constellation Quadrans Muralis (Mural Quadrant), created by the French astronomer Jerome Lalande in 1795. This now-obsolete constellation was located between the constellations of Bootes the Herdsman and Draco the Dragon. Where did it go?
To understand the history of the Quadrantids’ name, we have to go back to the earliest observations of this shower. In early January 1825, Antonio Brucalassi in Italy reported that “the atmosphere was traversed by a multitude of the luminous bodies known by the name of falling stars.” They appeared to radiate from Quadrans Muralis. In 1839, Adolphe Quetelet of Brussels Observatory in Belgium and Edward C. Herrick in Connecticut independently made the suggestion that the Quadrantids are an annual shower.
But, in 1922, the International Astronomical Union devised a list 88 modern constellations. The list was agreed upon by the International Astronomical Union at its inaugural General Assembly held in Rome in May 1922. It did not include a constellation Quadrans Muralis. Today, this meteor shower retains the name Quadrantids, for the original and now obsolete constellation Quadrans Muralis.
The radiant point for the Quadrantids is now considered to be at the northern tip of Bootes, near the Big Dipper asterism in our sky, not far from Bootes’ brightest star Arcturus. It is very far north on the sky’s dome, which is why Southern Hemisphere observers probably won’t see many (if any) Quadrantid meteors. The meteors simply won’t make it above the horizon for Southern Hemisphere skywatchers.
In 2003, Peter Jenniskens proposed that this object, 2003 EH1, is the parent body of the Quadrantid meteor shower.
Quadrantid meteors have a mysterious parent object. In 2003, astronomer Peter Jenniskens tentatively identified the parent body of the Quadrantids as the asteroid 2003 EH1. If indeed this body is the Quadrantids parent, then the Quadrantids, like the Geminid meteors, come from a rocky body – not an icy comet. Strange.
In turn, though, 2003 EH1 might be the same object as the comet C/1490 Y1, which was observed by Chinese, Japanese and Korean astronomers 500 years ago.
So the exact story behind the Quadrantids’ parent object remains somewhat mysterious.
Bottom line: The first meteor shower of 2015, the Quadrantid meteor shower, will probably be at its best before dawn January 4. This shower is best for the Northern Hemisphere because its radiant point is far to the north on the sky’s dome. In 2015, this shower must content with the bright light of the almost-full moon.
Want more? Moon obscures Quadrantid meteors in early January 2015
How do I translate Universal Time to my time zone?
The Quadrantid meteor shower is always the first meteor shower of every new year, and 2015 is no exception. The bad news is that, in 2015, there’s an almost-full waxing gibbous moon. Now the good news. We said almost full. There will be a window of darkness after moonset and before dawn, on both the mornings of January 3 and January 4. Try those hours for watching the 2015 Quadrantids. More good news. The Quadranatids can match the meteor numbers (50 to 100 meteors or more an hour) of the better-known August Perseid and December Geminid showers. However, the Quadrantids’ peak is very narrow. The peaks of the Perseid shower or Geminid shower persist more or less for a day or more, allowing all time zones around the world to enjoy a good display of Perseids and Geminids. Meanwhile, the peak of the Quadrantid meteor shower lasts only a few hours. So you have to be on the right part of Earth, the part that’s in nighttime – preferably with the radiant high in your sky – during those few hours of the shower’s peak, in order to see the most Quadrantid meteors. Follow the links below to learn more about the Quadrantids in 2014.
What are the peak dates for the Quadrantid shower in 2015?
Who will see the Quadrantid meteor shower best in 2015?
What time should I watch the Quadrantid meteor shower in 2015?
Where is the radiant point for the Quadrantid shower?
The Quadrantids are named for a constellation that no longer exists.
Quadrantid meteors have a mysterious parent object.
View larger. | In 2014, as the Quadrantids were flying, those at far northern latitudes were seeing auroras. Tommy Eliassen Photography captured this photo on January 3, 2014. Thank you, Tommy! Visit Tommy Eliassen Photo
What are the peak dates for the Quadrantid shower in 2015? Different sources give different dates and precise times for meteor shower peaks. We are relying on the Observer’s Handbook 2015 and the International Meteor Organization (IMO) to help us out. Both of these sources give the date of peak on January 4, and the time at 2:00 Universal Time.
If that prediction holds true, the peak will be 8 p.m. for the central United States on January 3; in other words, the radiant point for this shower will still be beneath the horizon for us in the U.S. Asia may be favored for this year’s shower. But the predictions aren’t always accurate. This is nature, after all. If the peak comes a quarter to one-third day later than predicted, we in the U.S could be in luck.
If you’re willing to take the chance, we recommend watching before dawn on January 3 and 4, with the nod going to January 4. Shortly before dawn, the moon will be low in the west, or will have already set. Click here to find out your moonset time. Sit in a moon shadow with an otherwise open view of the predawn sky, and if you’re really lucky, you might see as many as 40 meteors in one hour.
One note: The shower favors the Northern Hemisphere because its radiant point is so far north on the sky’s dome.
What time should I watch the Quadrantid meteor shower in 2015? All other things being equal, for any meteor showers, you are likely to see the most meteors when the radiant is high in the sky. In the case of the Quadrantid shower, the radiant point is seen highest in the sky in the dark hour before dawn. In 2015, that’s good news because a bright moon is up until just before dawn.
Unlike most meteor showers, you have to hope that the narrow peak of Quadrantid shower happens at or near the same hour that the radiant point resides highest in your sky. Here’s that peak time again, according to the International Meteor Organization: January 4 at 2:00 Universal Time. Click here to translate Universal Time to your time zone.
Barry Simmons in Lake Martin, Alabama captured this Quadrantid meteor on the morning of January 3, 2014. Thank you, Barry.
If the prediction holds – which is a big IF – northwestern Asia and East Europe will be in the best position to watch this year’s Quadrantid shower, during the dark hour before dawn January 4, 2015. The shadow line crossing Asia represents sunrise January 4.
Who will see the Quadrantid meteor shower best in 2015? The world map above shows the day and night sides of Earth at the instant of the predicted peak of the 2015 Quadrantids, which should be before dawn on January 4 for northwestern Asia and East Europe. On the worldwide map, the shadow line running across Asia represents sunrise.
Keep in mind that this forecast represents a best guess, not an ironclad guarantee as to when the peak will actually happen. If the peak comes a few to several hours earlier than predicted, the eastern part of Asia might see the shower peak before dawn on January 4.
Now here’s the unfortunate news for all of us, no matter where we are in the Northern Hemisphere. In 2015, the almost-full waxing gibbous moon will stay out nearly all night long, setting in the west in the wee hours before sunrise.
The radiant point for the Quadrantid shower is highest up in the sky during the dark hour before dawn. If the peak of the shower comes as predicted – and that’s a big if – then northwestern Asia and East Europe should be in a good place to watch this year’s Quadrantid meteor shower. But die-hard meteor watchers in other parts of the Northern Hemisphere will brave the cold anyway, hoping to glimpse a meteor or two! Remember, the peak could come earlier or later than predicted.
From mid-northern latitudes, the radiant point for the Quadrantid shower doesn’t climb over the horizon until after midnight.
Where is the radiant point for the Quadrantid shower? The radiant point of the Quadrantid shower makes an approximate right angle with the Big Dipper and the bright star Arcturus. If you trace the paths of the Quadrantid meteors backward, they appear to radiate from this point on the starry sky.
But you don’t need to find the meteor shower radiant to see the Quadrantid meteors. You have to be at mid-northern or far-northern latitudes, up in the wee hours of the morning and hope the peak comes at just the right time to your part of the world.
The now-defunct constellation Quadrans Muralis, for which the Quadrantids are named. Image via Atlas Coelestis.
The Quadrantids are named for a constellation that no longer exists. Most meteor showers are named for the constellations from which they appear to radiate. So it is with the Quadrantids. But the Quadrantids’ constellation no longer exists. The name Quadrantids comes from the constellation Quadrans Muralis (Mural Quadrant), created by the French astronomer Jerome Lalande in 1795. This now-obsolete constellation was located between the constellations of Bootes the Herdsman and Draco the Dragon. Where did it go?
To understand the history of the Quadrantids’ name, we have to go back to the earliest observations of this shower. In early January 1825, Antonio Brucalassi in Italy reported that “the atmosphere was traversed by a multitude of the luminous bodies known by the name of falling stars.” They appeared to radiate from Quadrans Muralis. In 1839, Adolphe Quetelet of Brussels Observatory in Belgium and Edward C. Herrick in Connecticut independently made the suggestion that the Quadrantids are an annual shower.
But, in 1922, the International Astronomical Union devised a list 88 modern constellations. The list was agreed upon by the International Astronomical Union at its inaugural General Assembly held in Rome in May 1922. It did not include a constellation Quadrans Muralis. Today, this meteor shower retains the name Quadrantids, for the original and now obsolete constellation Quadrans Muralis.
The radiant point for the Quadrantids is now considered to be at the northern tip of Bootes, near the Big Dipper asterism in our sky, not far from Bootes’ brightest star Arcturus. It is very far north on the sky’s dome, which is why Southern Hemisphere observers probably won’t see many (if any) Quadrantid meteors. The meteors simply won’t make it above the horizon for Southern Hemisphere skywatchers.
In 2003, Peter Jenniskens proposed that this object, 2003 EH1, is the parent body of the Quadrantid meteor shower.
Quadrantid meteors have a mysterious parent object. In 2003, astronomer Peter Jenniskens tentatively identified the parent body of the Quadrantids as the asteroid 2003 EH1. If indeed this body is the Quadrantids parent, then the Quadrantids, like the Geminid meteors, come from a rocky body – not an icy comet. Strange.
In turn, though, 2003 EH1 might be the same object as the comet C/1490 Y1, which was observed by Chinese, Japanese and Korean astronomers 500 years ago.
So the exact story behind the Quadrantids’ parent object remains somewhat mysterious.
Bottom line: The first meteor shower of 2015, the Quadrantid meteor shower, will probably be at its best before dawn January 4. This shower is best for the Northern Hemisphere because its radiant point is far to the north on the sky’s dome. In 2015, this shower must content with the bright light of the almost-full moon.
Want more? Moon obscures Quadrantid meteors in early January 2015
How do I translate Universal Time to my time zone?
Oh good grief I hear you cry, not more science. Yes. Sorry. And its even about sea ice, but the Antarctic kind. This is in the trail of Holland and Kwok and so on.
Observations reveal an increase of Antarctic sea ice over the past three decades, yet global climate models tend to simulate a sea ice decrease for that period. Here we combine observations with model experiments (MPI-ESM) to investigate causes for this discrepancy and for the observed sea ice increase. Based on observations and atmospheric reanalysis, we show that on multidecadal time scales Antarctic sea ice changes are linked to intensified meridional winds that are caused by a zonally asymmetric lowering of the high-latitude surface pressure. In our simulations, this surface pressure lowering is a response to a combination of anthropogenic stratospheric ozone depletion and greenhouse gas increase. Combining these two lines of argument, we infer a possible anthropogenic influence on the observed sea ice changes. However, similar to other models, MPI-ESM simulates a surface-pressure response that is rather zonally symmetric, which explains why the simulated sea ice response differs from observations.
So, maybe the GCMs wind-pattern response, aka MSLP, around Antarctica is a bit off?
Oh good grief I hear you cry, not more science. Yes. Sorry. And its even about sea ice, but the Antarctic kind. This is in the trail of Holland and Kwok and so on.
Observations reveal an increase of Antarctic sea ice over the past three decades, yet global climate models tend to simulate a sea ice decrease for that period. Here we combine observations with model experiments (MPI-ESM) to investigate causes for this discrepancy and for the observed sea ice increase. Based on observations and atmospheric reanalysis, we show that on multidecadal time scales Antarctic sea ice changes are linked to intensified meridional winds that are caused by a zonally asymmetric lowering of the high-latitude surface pressure. In our simulations, this surface pressure lowering is a response to a combination of anthropogenic stratospheric ozone depletion and greenhouse gas increase. Combining these two lines of argument, we infer a possible anthropogenic influence on the observed sea ice changes. However, similar to other models, MPI-ESM simulates a surface-pressure response that is rather zonally symmetric, which explains why the simulated sea ice response differs from observations.
So, maybe the GCMs wind-pattern response, aka MSLP, around Antarctica is a bit off?
View larger. | Shadow of Mauna Kea in Hawaii, via Imaginscape Photography. Visit Imaginscape Photography on Facebook.
The shadow of Mauna Kea – a dormant volcano and the highest point in the U.S. state of Hawaii – cast by the rising sun. Just to the right, Haleakala – a massive shield volcano that forms more than 75% of the Hawaiian island of Maui – is rising out of the clouds. Because of its height above sea level, Mauna Kea is the site of many astronomical observatories. In the foreground are the Subaru Telescope, the twin Keck Telescopes and the NASA Infrared Telescope. Photo taken December 29, 2014 by Imaginescape Photography.
Mauna Kea, by the way, stands 13,803 feet (4,207 meters) above sea level.
View larger. | Shadow of Mauna Kea in Hawaii, via Imaginscape Photography. Visit Imaginscape Photography on Facebook.
The shadow of Mauna Kea – a dormant volcano and the highest point in the U.S. state of Hawaii – cast by the rising sun. Just to the right, Haleakala – a massive shield volcano that forms more than 75% of the Hawaiian island of Maui – is rising out of the clouds. Because of its height above sea level, Mauna Kea is the site of many astronomical observatories. In the foreground are the Subaru Telescope, the twin Keck Telescopes and the NASA Infrared Telescope. Photo taken December 29, 2014 by Imaginescape Photography.
Mauna Kea, by the way, stands 13,803 feet (4,207 meters) above sea level.
As an experiment, I thought I’d try posting some science instead of nonsense or mountains. From Nurture (Peter van der Sleen et al., Nature Geoscience 8, 24–28 (2015) doi:10.1038/ngeo2313):
The biomass of undisturbed tropical forests has likely increased in the past few decades1, 2, probably as a result of accelerated tree growth. Higher CO2 levels are expected to raise plant photosynthetic rates3 and enhance water-use efficiency4, that is, the ratio of carbon assimilation through photosynthesis to water loss through transpiration. However, there is no evidence that these physiological responses do indeed stimulate tree growth in tropical forests. Here we present measurements of stable carbon isotopes and growth rings in the wood of 1,100 trees from Bolivia, Cameroon and Thailand. Measurements of carbon isotope fractions in the wood indicate that intrinsic water-use efficiency in both understorey and canopy trees increased by 30–35% over the past 150 years as atmospheric CO2 concentrations increased. However, we found no evidence for the suggested concurrent acceleration of individual tree growth when analysing the width of growth rings. We conclude that the widespread assumption of a CO2-induced stimulation of tropical tree growth may not be valid.
This is a partial antidote to the CO2-is-plant-food people, but also to the ZOMG-crop-yields-are-falling people, since increased water efficiency is good. Mind you, not all plants are exactly the same, so it may not apply to the crops we care about in the circumstances we care about. Biology is complex, no?
As an experiment, I thought I’d try posting some science instead of nonsense or mountains. From Nurture (Peter van der Sleen et al., Nature Geoscience 8, 24–28 (2015) doi:10.1038/ngeo2313):
The biomass of undisturbed tropical forests has likely increased in the past few decades1, 2, probably as a result of accelerated tree growth. Higher CO2 levels are expected to raise plant photosynthetic rates3 and enhance water-use efficiency4, that is, the ratio of carbon assimilation through photosynthesis to water loss through transpiration. However, there is no evidence that these physiological responses do indeed stimulate tree growth in tropical forests. Here we present measurements of stable carbon isotopes and growth rings in the wood of 1,100 trees from Bolivia, Cameroon and Thailand. Measurements of carbon isotope fractions in the wood indicate that intrinsic water-use efficiency in both understorey and canopy trees increased by 30–35% over the past 150 years as atmospheric CO2 concentrations increased. However, we found no evidence for the suggested concurrent acceleration of individual tree growth when analysing the width of growth rings. We conclude that the widespread assumption of a CO2-induced stimulation of tropical tree growth may not be valid.
This is a partial antidote to the CO2-is-plant-food people, but also to the ZOMG-crop-yields-are-falling people, since increased water efficiency is good. Mind you, not all plants are exactly the same, so it may not apply to the crops we care about in the circumstances we care about. Biology is complex, no?
