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Zodiacal light back in the west after sunset

A dark horizon and graying sky, with a lighted cone extending up from the horizon.

View larger at EarthSky Community Photos. | That lighted cone in the west after sunset, visible in dark skies after all traces of twilight have disappeared, is the zodiacal light. Mike Lewinski in Tres Piedras, New Mexico caught it on January 27, 2019 while creating this timelapse video. The video is great, because it shows you how the zodiacal light will appear, after twilight disappears. Mike wrote: “As we near the cross-quarter day, the zodiacal light has returned to the western sky at sunset (in the fall it is in the eastern sky before sunrise) … Last night, I noticed it with the unaided eye.” Thank you, Mike!

Read more: What is the zodiacal light?



from EarthSky http://bit.ly/2Rv84ro
A dark horizon and graying sky, with a lighted cone extending up from the horizon.

View larger at EarthSky Community Photos. | That lighted cone in the west after sunset, visible in dark skies after all traces of twilight have disappeared, is the zodiacal light. Mike Lewinski in Tres Piedras, New Mexico caught it on January 27, 2019 while creating this timelapse video. The video is great, because it shows you how the zodiacal light will appear, after twilight disappears. Mike wrote: “As we near the cross-quarter day, the zodiacal light has returned to the western sky at sunset (in the fall it is in the eastern sky before sunrise) … Last night, I noticed it with the unaided eye.” Thank you, Mike!

Read more: What is the zodiacal light?



from EarthSky http://bit.ly/2Rv84ro

Groundhog Day is an astronomy holiday

Small furry animal standing upright.

Image via kidskonnect.

Ah, Groundhog Day. Punxsutawney Phil – called the world’s most beloved seasonal prognosticator by his handlers in Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania – might or might not see his shadow on this Groundhog Day 2019. This U.S. and Canadian tradition comes every year on February 2. It has its roots in astronomy, in the sense that it’s a seasonal festival, tied to the movement of Earth around the sun. It’s a great excuse to go outside and enjoy some revelry during the winter months.

We all know the rules of Groundhog Day. On February 2, a groundhog is said to forecast weather by looking for his shadow. If it’s sunny out, and he sees it, we’re in for six more weeks of winter. On the other hand, a cloudy Groundhog Day is supposed to forecast an early spring.

Of course, it can’t be cloudy, or sunny, everywhere at once. And many towns in the U.S. and Canada have their own local groundhogs and local traditions for Groundhog Day.

Men in dark winter coats and hats, one holding a groundhog; crowd watching.

… the great weather prognosticator. See Phil on the left? Image via Wikimedia Commons.

Punxsutawney Phil, the great weather prognosticator. By far the most famous of the February 2 shadow-seeking groundhogs is Punxsutawney Phil in Punxsutawney, in western Pennsylvania, which calls itself:

… original home of the great weather prognosticator, His Majesty, the Punxsutawney Groundhog.

Since 1887, members of the Punxsutawney Groundhog Club have held public celebrations of Groundhog Day. Punxsutawney is where Bill Murray was in the movie Groundhog Day. From the looks of things … a good time is had by all.

How accurate is Phil? NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center says Phil’s forecasts have shown no predictive skill in recent years.

Diagram showing Earth's positions at the equinoxes and solstices.

The equinox is an event that takes place in Earth’s orbit around the sun.

Groundhog Day has its roots in astronomy. What you might not know is that Groundhog Day is really an astronomical holiday.

It’s an event that takes place in Earth’s orbit around the sun, as we move between the solstices and equinoxes. In other words, Groundhog Day falls more or less midway between the December solstice and the March equinox. Each cross-quarter day is actually a collection of dates, and various traditions celebrate various holidays at this time. February 2 is the year’s first cross-quarter day.

Of course, the division of the year into segments is common to many cultures. Our ancestors were more aware of the sun’s movements across the sky than we are, since their plantings and harvests depended on it.

Wheel with eight-point star in it, the points labeled with pagan holiday names.

Neo-pagan wheel of the year. Image via Wikimedia Commons.

Groundhog Day in various cultures. In the Celtic calendar, the year is also divided into quarter days (equinoxes and solstices) and cross-quarter days on a great neo-pagan wheel of the year. Thus, just as February 2 is marked by the celebration of Candlemas by some Christians, such as the Roman Catholics, in contemporary paganism, this day is called Imbolc and is considered a traditional time for initiations.

The celebration of Groundhog Day came to America along with immigrants from Great Britain and Germany. The tradition can be traced to early Christians in Europe, when a hedgehog was said to look for his shadow on Candlemas Day.

Try this old English rhyme:

If Candlemas Day be fair and bright, winter will have another flight. But if it be dark with clouds and rain, winter is gone and will not come again.

Or here’s another old saying:

Half your wood and half your hay, you should have on Candlemas Day.

In Germany it used to be said:

A shepherd would rather see a wolf enter his stable on Candlemas Day than see the sun shine.

There, a badger was said to watch for his shadow.

A friend on Facebook said that, in Portugal, people have a poem about February 2 related to the Lady of Candles. Here’s the poem:

Quando a Senhora das Candeias está a rir está o inverno para vir, quando está a chorar está o inverno a acabar. [Translation: If Our Lady of Candles smiles (Sun) the winter is yet to come, if she cries (Rain) the winter is over.]

Closeup of furry, round groundhog's face with black nose and small eyes.

Cloudy, one of the groundhogs at Brookfield Zoo in Brookfield, Illinois. contemplates an exit from her wooden home on Groundhog Day. Photo via Tim Boyle/Newsmakers.

One final note. It’s supposed to be bad luck to leave your Christmas decorations up after Groundhog Day.

The National Geographic Society once studied the groundhog and found him right only one out of every three times. But what the heck? It’s all in good fun.

So, you may celebrate with a real groundhog and a real shadow – or just pause a moment on this day to reflect on the passing of the seasons.

Enjoying EarthSky so far? Sign up for our free daily newsletter today!

Bottom line: February 2 is Groundhog Day. It’s a celebration with roots in astronomy, in the sense that it’s a seasonal festival, approximately halfway between a solstice and an equinox. Astronomers call it a cross-quarter day.

EarthSky lunar calendars are cool! They make great gifts. Order now. Going fast!



from EarthSky http://bit.ly/2RwgT43
Small furry animal standing upright.

Image via kidskonnect.

Ah, Groundhog Day. Punxsutawney Phil – called the world’s most beloved seasonal prognosticator by his handlers in Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania – might or might not see his shadow on this Groundhog Day 2019. This U.S. and Canadian tradition comes every year on February 2. It has its roots in astronomy, in the sense that it’s a seasonal festival, tied to the movement of Earth around the sun. It’s a great excuse to go outside and enjoy some revelry during the winter months.

We all know the rules of Groundhog Day. On February 2, a groundhog is said to forecast weather by looking for his shadow. If it’s sunny out, and he sees it, we’re in for six more weeks of winter. On the other hand, a cloudy Groundhog Day is supposed to forecast an early spring.

Of course, it can’t be cloudy, or sunny, everywhere at once. And many towns in the U.S. and Canada have their own local groundhogs and local traditions for Groundhog Day.

Men in dark winter coats and hats, one holding a groundhog; crowd watching.

… the great weather prognosticator. See Phil on the left? Image via Wikimedia Commons.

Punxsutawney Phil, the great weather prognosticator. By far the most famous of the February 2 shadow-seeking groundhogs is Punxsutawney Phil in Punxsutawney, in western Pennsylvania, which calls itself:

… original home of the great weather prognosticator, His Majesty, the Punxsutawney Groundhog.

Since 1887, members of the Punxsutawney Groundhog Club have held public celebrations of Groundhog Day. Punxsutawney is where Bill Murray was in the movie Groundhog Day. From the looks of things … a good time is had by all.

How accurate is Phil? NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center says Phil’s forecasts have shown no predictive skill in recent years.

Diagram showing Earth's positions at the equinoxes and solstices.

The equinox is an event that takes place in Earth’s orbit around the sun.

Groundhog Day has its roots in astronomy. What you might not know is that Groundhog Day is really an astronomical holiday.

It’s an event that takes place in Earth’s orbit around the sun, as we move between the solstices and equinoxes. In other words, Groundhog Day falls more or less midway between the December solstice and the March equinox. Each cross-quarter day is actually a collection of dates, and various traditions celebrate various holidays at this time. February 2 is the year’s first cross-quarter day.

Of course, the division of the year into segments is common to many cultures. Our ancestors were more aware of the sun’s movements across the sky than we are, since their plantings and harvests depended on it.

Wheel with eight-point star in it, the points labeled with pagan holiday names.

Neo-pagan wheel of the year. Image via Wikimedia Commons.

Groundhog Day in various cultures. In the Celtic calendar, the year is also divided into quarter days (equinoxes and solstices) and cross-quarter days on a great neo-pagan wheel of the year. Thus, just as February 2 is marked by the celebration of Candlemas by some Christians, such as the Roman Catholics, in contemporary paganism, this day is called Imbolc and is considered a traditional time for initiations.

The celebration of Groundhog Day came to America along with immigrants from Great Britain and Germany. The tradition can be traced to early Christians in Europe, when a hedgehog was said to look for his shadow on Candlemas Day.

Try this old English rhyme:

If Candlemas Day be fair and bright, winter will have another flight. But if it be dark with clouds and rain, winter is gone and will not come again.

Or here’s another old saying:

Half your wood and half your hay, you should have on Candlemas Day.

In Germany it used to be said:

A shepherd would rather see a wolf enter his stable on Candlemas Day than see the sun shine.

There, a badger was said to watch for his shadow.

A friend on Facebook said that, in Portugal, people have a poem about February 2 related to the Lady of Candles. Here’s the poem:

Quando a Senhora das Candeias está a rir está o inverno para vir, quando está a chorar está o inverno a acabar. [Translation: If Our Lady of Candles smiles (Sun) the winter is yet to come, if she cries (Rain) the winter is over.]

Closeup of furry, round groundhog's face with black nose and small eyes.

Cloudy, one of the groundhogs at Brookfield Zoo in Brookfield, Illinois. contemplates an exit from her wooden home on Groundhog Day. Photo via Tim Boyle/Newsmakers.

One final note. It’s supposed to be bad luck to leave your Christmas decorations up after Groundhog Day.

The National Geographic Society once studied the groundhog and found him right only one out of every three times. But what the heck? It’s all in good fun.

So, you may celebrate with a real groundhog and a real shadow – or just pause a moment on this day to reflect on the passing of the seasons.

Enjoying EarthSky so far? Sign up for our free daily newsletter today!

Bottom line: February 2 is Groundhog Day. It’s a celebration with roots in astronomy, in the sense that it’s a seasonal festival, approximately halfway between a solstice and an equinox. Astronomers call it a cross-quarter day.

EarthSky lunar calendars are cool! They make great gifts. Order now. Going fast!



from EarthSky http://bit.ly/2RwgT43

February guide to the bright planets

sky chart finding Saturn

In late January and early February, watch the waning crescent moon slide past a string of morning planets: Jupiter, Venus and Saturn. Read more.

Click the name of a planet to learn more about its visibility in February 2019: Venus, Jupiter, Saturn, Mars and Mercury

Post your planet photos at EarthSky Community Photos

Venus is the brightest planet, beaming mightily in the east in the predawn/dawn sky all month long. Watch for the waning crescent moon to join up with Venus in the morning sky for a few days, centered on or near January 31. After that, the waning crescent moon will next pair up with Venus in early March.

This world reached a milestone in the morning sky on January 6, 2019, as this blazing world showcased its greatest elongation from the sun. In other words, on that date, Venus was a maximum angular distance of 46 degrees from the sun on our sky’s dome. Ever since, Venus has been slowly but surely sinking sunward.

The month starts out with Venus shining above Saturn in the morning sky, yet the month ends with Saturn shining above Venus. Day by day, Saturn climbs upward, away from the sunrise, while Venus sinks downward, toward the rising sun. The two will meet for a conjunction in the morning sky on February 18, 2019. All the while, Jupiter remains at the top of this line-up of three morning planets.

After this month, Venus will spend less time in the predawn sky before sunrise each morning, but it’ll still be dazzlingly bright and visible at dawn for months to come. At mid-northern latitudes, Venus will rise before astronomical twilight (dawn’s first light) until mid-March 2019; and at temperate latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere, Venus will rise before astronomical twilight until the end of May 2019.

Click here to find out when astronomical twilight comes to your sky, remembering to check the astronomical twilight box.

At mid-northern latitudes, Venus rises about three hours before sunrise in early January. By the month’s end, that’ll taper to about two hours.

At temperate latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere, Venus rises about 3 1/2 hours before sunup all month long.

At the month’s end and early March, watch for the waning crescent moon to promenade past Venus and the two other morning planets, Jupiter and Saturn. See a sky chart for the event below.

Sky chart of moon and morning planets

In late February and early March, watch the moon go by Jupiter, Saturn and Venus. Read more.

Jupiter is the second-brightest planet after Venus. The king planet reigns at the top of the morning line-up of planets all month long. At the beginning of February, Venus is found in between Jupiter and Saturn. On February 18, 2019, the planets Venus and Saturn are in conjunction beneath Jupiter. In the final week of February, the planet Saturn is found between Jupiter and Venus.

If you’re up during the predawn hours, you might notice a bright ruddy star in the vicinity of Jupiter on the sky’s dome. That’s Antares, the brightest star in the constellation Scorpius the Scorpion. Although Jupiter shines in the vicinity of Antares all year long, Jupiter can be seen to wander relative to this “fixed” star of the zodiac. Jupiter travels eastward, away from Antares, until April 10, 2019. Then, for a period of four months (April 10 to August 11, 2019), Jupiter actually moves in retrograde (or westward), closing the gap between itself and the star Antares. Midway through this retrograde, Jupiter will reach opposition on June 10, 2019, to shine at its brilliant best for the year.

Watch for the waning crescent moon to swing by Jupiter around January 30 and 31 and then again around February 27.

From mid-northern latitudes, Jupiter rises about 3 1/2 hours before the sun in early February. By the month’s end, that’ll increase to about four hours.

From temperate latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere, Jupiter comes up about four hours before sunrise at the beginning of the month. By the month’s end, Jupiter rises around the midnight hour.

Sky chart of Venus and Saturn in conjunction

Watch for the conjunction of Venus and Saturn on February 18, 2019. Thereafter, Saturn will climb upward, away from the sunrise, while, Venus will descend in the direction of sunrise. Read more.

Saturn swung over to the morning sky, at least nominally, on January 2, 2019. But, for the most of January, this world sat too deeply in the glare of sunrise to be visible. Starting on or near January 30, avid sky watchers will use the waning crescent moon and the two brilliant planets, Venus and Jupiter, to guide them to Saturn’s place near the horizon as darkness begins to give way to dawn. This may present the first good opportunity for you to view Saturn in the morning sky in 2019.

Day by day throughout February, Saturn climbs upward, away from the sunrise. Venus, on the other hand, sinks sunward by the day. Saturn should be quite easy to see by the time that Venus and Saturn have their conjunction in the morning sky on February 18. Saturn, although as bright as a 1st-magnitude star, pales next to Venus. Venus ranks as the 3rd-brightest celestial object to light up the heavens, after the sun and moon, to outshine Saturn by some 80 times on their February 18th conjunction date.

From mid-northern latitudes, Saturn rises about 1 1/2 hours before the sun in early February. That’ll increase to about 2 1/2 hours before sunup by the month’s end.

From temperate latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere, Saturn rises about two hours before sunrise in early February, and by the month’s end, comes up about 3 1/2 hours before the sun.

Sky chart of Mercury and Mars

Starting in the second half of February 2019, try to find Mercury beneath Mars as evening twilight gives way to nightfall. Binoculars always come in handy for any Mercury quest. Read more.

Mercury, the innermost planet of the solar system, shifted over to the evening sky on January 30. But Mercury won’t be far enough from the setting sun to become visible in the evening sky until around mid-month (at northerly latitudes).

Mercury’s apparition in the evening sky will be especially favorable for the Northern Hemisphere in the last few weeks of February and early March 2019. But this will be an especially poor evening showing of Mercury at temperate latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere.

At mid-northern latitudes, Mercury sets about one hour after the sun by around mid-month, and by the month’s end, that’ll increase to about 1 1/2 hours.

Sky chart of moon, Mars and Uranus

Look for the moon in the vicinity of Mars (and Uranus) for several evenings, centered on or near February 10. Read more.

Mars is the only bright planet to appear in the February evening sky all month long. At northerly latitudes, in the second half of the month, you may find Mercury beneath Mars, with Mercury lurking close to the horizon as evening dusk ebbs into darkness. Although Mars dims somewhat over the month, Mars remains modestly-bright, shining as brilliantly a 1st-magnitude star all month long. Moreover, Mars stays out till mid-evening at mid-northern latitudes, and until late evening in the Southern Hemisphere.

Click here for recommended sky almanacs providing you with the setting times for Mars.

Watch for the moon to shine in the vicinity of Mars for several evenings, centered on or near February 10. With binoculars you might even spot Uranus, the 7th planet outward from the sun, in the same binocular field with Mars each evening for about a week, centered on or near February 12. See the sky chart below.

Sky chart of the planets Mars and Uranus on February 12, 2019

On February 12, 2019, the lit side of the moon points right at Mars and Uranus. Despite the moonlit glare, binoculars may enable you to see the Mars/Uranus conjunction in a single binocular field. Read more.

What do we mean by bright planet? By bright planet, we mean any solar system planet that is easily visible without an optical aid and that has been watched by our ancestors since time immemorial. In their outward order from the sun, the five bright planets are Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. These planets actually do appear bright in our sky. They are typically as bright as – or brighter than – the brightest stars. Plus, these relatively nearby worlds tend to shine with a steadier light than the distant, twinkling stars. You can spot them, and come to know them as faithful friends, if you try.

silhouette of man against the sunset sky with bright planet and crescent moon

Skywatcher, by Predrag Agatonovic.

Bottom line: In February, Mars shines in the evening sky all month long, whereas Venus, Jupiter and Saturn adorn the morning sky. Mercury comes into view in the evening sky in the second half of the month. Click here for recommended almanacs; they can help you know when the planets rise and set in your sky.

Don’t miss anything. Subscribe to EarthSky News by email

Visit EarthSky’s Best Places to Stargaze, and recommend a place we can all enjoy. Zoom out for worldwide map.

Help EarthSky keep going! Donate now.



from EarthSky http://bit.ly/1YD00CF
sky chart finding Saturn

In late January and early February, watch the waning crescent moon slide past a string of morning planets: Jupiter, Venus and Saturn. Read more.

Click the name of a planet to learn more about its visibility in February 2019: Venus, Jupiter, Saturn, Mars and Mercury

Post your planet photos at EarthSky Community Photos

Venus is the brightest planet, beaming mightily in the east in the predawn/dawn sky all month long. Watch for the waning crescent moon to join up with Venus in the morning sky for a few days, centered on or near January 31. After that, the waning crescent moon will next pair up with Venus in early March.

This world reached a milestone in the morning sky on January 6, 2019, as this blazing world showcased its greatest elongation from the sun. In other words, on that date, Venus was a maximum angular distance of 46 degrees from the sun on our sky’s dome. Ever since, Venus has been slowly but surely sinking sunward.

The month starts out with Venus shining above Saturn in the morning sky, yet the month ends with Saturn shining above Venus. Day by day, Saturn climbs upward, away from the sunrise, while Venus sinks downward, toward the rising sun. The two will meet for a conjunction in the morning sky on February 18, 2019. All the while, Jupiter remains at the top of this line-up of three morning planets.

After this month, Venus will spend less time in the predawn sky before sunrise each morning, but it’ll still be dazzlingly bright and visible at dawn for months to come. At mid-northern latitudes, Venus will rise before astronomical twilight (dawn’s first light) until mid-March 2019; and at temperate latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere, Venus will rise before astronomical twilight until the end of May 2019.

Click here to find out when astronomical twilight comes to your sky, remembering to check the astronomical twilight box.

At mid-northern latitudes, Venus rises about three hours before sunrise in early January. By the month’s end, that’ll taper to about two hours.

At temperate latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere, Venus rises about 3 1/2 hours before sunup all month long.

At the month’s end and early March, watch for the waning crescent moon to promenade past Venus and the two other morning planets, Jupiter and Saturn. See a sky chart for the event below.

Sky chart of moon and morning planets

In late February and early March, watch the moon go by Jupiter, Saturn and Venus. Read more.

Jupiter is the second-brightest planet after Venus. The king planet reigns at the top of the morning line-up of planets all month long. At the beginning of February, Venus is found in between Jupiter and Saturn. On February 18, 2019, the planets Venus and Saturn are in conjunction beneath Jupiter. In the final week of February, the planet Saturn is found between Jupiter and Venus.

If you’re up during the predawn hours, you might notice a bright ruddy star in the vicinity of Jupiter on the sky’s dome. That’s Antares, the brightest star in the constellation Scorpius the Scorpion. Although Jupiter shines in the vicinity of Antares all year long, Jupiter can be seen to wander relative to this “fixed” star of the zodiac. Jupiter travels eastward, away from Antares, until April 10, 2019. Then, for a period of four months (April 10 to August 11, 2019), Jupiter actually moves in retrograde (or westward), closing the gap between itself and the star Antares. Midway through this retrograde, Jupiter will reach opposition on June 10, 2019, to shine at its brilliant best for the year.

Watch for the waning crescent moon to swing by Jupiter around January 30 and 31 and then again around February 27.

From mid-northern latitudes, Jupiter rises about 3 1/2 hours before the sun in early February. By the month’s end, that’ll increase to about four hours.

From temperate latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere, Jupiter comes up about four hours before sunrise at the beginning of the month. By the month’s end, Jupiter rises around the midnight hour.

Sky chart of Venus and Saturn in conjunction

Watch for the conjunction of Venus and Saturn on February 18, 2019. Thereafter, Saturn will climb upward, away from the sunrise, while, Venus will descend in the direction of sunrise. Read more.

Saturn swung over to the morning sky, at least nominally, on January 2, 2019. But, for the most of January, this world sat too deeply in the glare of sunrise to be visible. Starting on or near January 30, avid sky watchers will use the waning crescent moon and the two brilliant planets, Venus and Jupiter, to guide them to Saturn’s place near the horizon as darkness begins to give way to dawn. This may present the first good opportunity for you to view Saturn in the morning sky in 2019.

Day by day throughout February, Saturn climbs upward, away from the sunrise. Venus, on the other hand, sinks sunward by the day. Saturn should be quite easy to see by the time that Venus and Saturn have their conjunction in the morning sky on February 18. Saturn, although as bright as a 1st-magnitude star, pales next to Venus. Venus ranks as the 3rd-brightest celestial object to light up the heavens, after the sun and moon, to outshine Saturn by some 80 times on their February 18th conjunction date.

From mid-northern latitudes, Saturn rises about 1 1/2 hours before the sun in early February. That’ll increase to about 2 1/2 hours before sunup by the month’s end.

From temperate latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere, Saturn rises about two hours before sunrise in early February, and by the month’s end, comes up about 3 1/2 hours before the sun.

Sky chart of Mercury and Mars

Starting in the second half of February 2019, try to find Mercury beneath Mars as evening twilight gives way to nightfall. Binoculars always come in handy for any Mercury quest. Read more.

Mercury, the innermost planet of the solar system, shifted over to the evening sky on January 30. But Mercury won’t be far enough from the setting sun to become visible in the evening sky until around mid-month (at northerly latitudes).

Mercury’s apparition in the evening sky will be especially favorable for the Northern Hemisphere in the last few weeks of February and early March 2019. But this will be an especially poor evening showing of Mercury at temperate latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere.

At mid-northern latitudes, Mercury sets about one hour after the sun by around mid-month, and by the month’s end, that’ll increase to about 1 1/2 hours.

Sky chart of moon, Mars and Uranus

Look for the moon in the vicinity of Mars (and Uranus) for several evenings, centered on or near February 10. Read more.

Mars is the only bright planet to appear in the February evening sky all month long. At northerly latitudes, in the second half of the month, you may find Mercury beneath Mars, with Mercury lurking close to the horizon as evening dusk ebbs into darkness. Although Mars dims somewhat over the month, Mars remains modestly-bright, shining as brilliantly a 1st-magnitude star all month long. Moreover, Mars stays out till mid-evening at mid-northern latitudes, and until late evening in the Southern Hemisphere.

Click here for recommended sky almanacs providing you with the setting times for Mars.

Watch for the moon to shine in the vicinity of Mars for several evenings, centered on or near February 10. With binoculars you might even spot Uranus, the 7th planet outward from the sun, in the same binocular field with Mars each evening for about a week, centered on or near February 12. See the sky chart below.

Sky chart of the planets Mars and Uranus on February 12, 2019

On February 12, 2019, the lit side of the moon points right at Mars and Uranus. Despite the moonlit glare, binoculars may enable you to see the Mars/Uranus conjunction in a single binocular field. Read more.

What do we mean by bright planet? By bright planet, we mean any solar system planet that is easily visible without an optical aid and that has been watched by our ancestors since time immemorial. In their outward order from the sun, the five bright planets are Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. These planets actually do appear bright in our sky. They are typically as bright as – or brighter than – the brightest stars. Plus, these relatively nearby worlds tend to shine with a steadier light than the distant, twinkling stars. You can spot them, and come to know them as faithful friends, if you try.

silhouette of man against the sunset sky with bright planet and crescent moon

Skywatcher, by Predrag Agatonovic.

Bottom line: In February, Mars shines in the evening sky all month long, whereas Venus, Jupiter and Saturn adorn the morning sky. Mercury comes into view in the evening sky in the second half of the month. Click here for recommended almanacs; they can help you know when the planets rise and set in your sky.

Don’t miss anything. Subscribe to EarthSky News by email

Visit EarthSky’s Best Places to Stargaze, and recommend a place we can all enjoy. Zoom out for worldwide map.

Help EarthSky keep going! Donate now.



from EarthSky http://bit.ly/1YD00CF

Stargazing destinations: Oregon

Here’s the second episode in the Chasing Darkness video series, a stargazing destination guide by astrophotographer Jack Fusco and adventure photographer Jeff Bartlett.

This episode was shot in March 2018, when the duo visited Oregon’s Cascade Mountain Range and Alvord Desert – two unique and incredibly different locations with just a few hours of driving between them.

Jack told us:

It was definitely a memorable trip as we arrived at the desert at the same time a huge storm was hitting. It was a little challenging and stressful, but it created some really unique conditions.

Man with camera on tripod, rising Milky Way reflected on flat water-covered ground.

Milky Way reflecting off the desert floor after a rain shower. Image via Jack Fusco.

There’s more info about this episode, plus gorgeous still photos, here. If you missed the first episode – dark sky preserves in Alberta, Canada – you can watch it here.

Here’s more about the Chasing Darkness project.

Bottom line: Video of stargazing locations in Oregon’s Cascade Mountains and the Alvord Desert.

Visit EarthSky’s Best Places to Stargaze page

See moon phases for all year on EarthSky’s moon calendar for 2019. Order now!



from EarthSky http://bit.ly/2G0kSVg

Here’s the second episode in the Chasing Darkness video series, a stargazing destination guide by astrophotographer Jack Fusco and adventure photographer Jeff Bartlett.

This episode was shot in March 2018, when the duo visited Oregon’s Cascade Mountain Range and Alvord Desert – two unique and incredibly different locations with just a few hours of driving between them.

Jack told us:

It was definitely a memorable trip as we arrived at the desert at the same time a huge storm was hitting. It was a little challenging and stressful, but it created some really unique conditions.

Man with camera on tripod, rising Milky Way reflected on flat water-covered ground.

Milky Way reflecting off the desert floor after a rain shower. Image via Jack Fusco.

There’s more info about this episode, plus gorgeous still photos, here. If you missed the first episode – dark sky preserves in Alberta, Canada – you can watch it here.

Here’s more about the Chasing Darkness project.

Bottom line: Video of stargazing locations in Oregon’s Cascade Mountains and the Alvord Desert.

Visit EarthSky’s Best Places to Stargaze page

See moon phases for all year on EarthSky’s moon calendar for 2019. Order now!



from EarthSky http://bit.ly/2G0kSVg

Polar vortex 2019 photos and videos

Dark snowy street scene, with mounds of deep snow on the ground.

View larger at EarthSky Community Photos. | Niko Powe in Kewanee, Illinois said he got up before the sun on January 30, 2019, wanting to catch: “… the moon sweeping past Jupiter, Antares and Venus on this -43 a.m. day in the K!”

Brutal cold struck the U.S. Midwest this week, closing roads, schools and businesses and causing multiple states of emergency to be declared as people coped with subzero temperatures. In Chicago on Wednesday, Arctic air from the polar vortex caused temperatures to drop to as low as -28F (-46C). By the end of the day on Wednesday, as many as eight deaths had been reported. And the cold is continuing. Meteorologists at the Washington Post said that temperatures on January 31 will be likely colder than those on the North Slope of Alaska. Here are a few images – from the EarthSky Community and elsewhere – of this week’s cold.

White and gray satellite view of Great Lake area, lines of clouds over lakes, land all white.

It even looks cold from space in this natural-color satellite image, acquired by NASA’s Terra satellite on January 27, 2019. Cloud streets and lake-effect snow stretch across the scene, as frigid Arctic winds blew over the U.S. Great Lakes. Read more at NASA Earth Observatory.

Looking out a window at a snowy street, frost around the edges of the window, inside!

View larger at EarthSky Community Photos. | There were wind chills in Minnesota this week as as low as -62F (-52C). Donna Divine in White Bear Lake, Minnesota, said there was frost inside – yes, we said inside – her bedroom window throughout the day on January 30, 2019. “That’s with the heat on in the apartment,” she wrote.

A swirly frost pattern.

View larger at EarthSky Community Photos. | Jacalyn Margittay in Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, wrote on January 27: “Frost on my kitchen window – just pretty.”

Close-up of tiny frost crystals on wood

View larger at EarthSky Community Photos. | And it’s not just the U.S. Midwest that’s cold this week. Jessica Marshall in Birmingham, England, wrote on January 31: “Frost on a fence post this morning in minus 6 degrees!”

Bottom Line: January 2019 images of the brutal cold in the U.S. Midwest and elsewhere around the world.

EarthSky 2019 lunar calendars are cool! Order now. Going fast!



from EarthSky http://bit.ly/2WvXQe8
Dark snowy street scene, with mounds of deep snow on the ground.

View larger at EarthSky Community Photos. | Niko Powe in Kewanee, Illinois said he got up before the sun on January 30, 2019, wanting to catch: “… the moon sweeping past Jupiter, Antares and Venus on this -43 a.m. day in the K!”

Brutal cold struck the U.S. Midwest this week, closing roads, schools and businesses and causing multiple states of emergency to be declared as people coped with subzero temperatures. In Chicago on Wednesday, Arctic air from the polar vortex caused temperatures to drop to as low as -28F (-46C). By the end of the day on Wednesday, as many as eight deaths had been reported. And the cold is continuing. Meteorologists at the Washington Post said that temperatures on January 31 will be likely colder than those on the North Slope of Alaska. Here are a few images – from the EarthSky Community and elsewhere – of this week’s cold.

White and gray satellite view of Great Lake area, lines of clouds over lakes, land all white.

It even looks cold from space in this natural-color satellite image, acquired by NASA’s Terra satellite on January 27, 2019. Cloud streets and lake-effect snow stretch across the scene, as frigid Arctic winds blew over the U.S. Great Lakes. Read more at NASA Earth Observatory.

Looking out a window at a snowy street, frost around the edges of the window, inside!

View larger at EarthSky Community Photos. | There were wind chills in Minnesota this week as as low as -62F (-52C). Donna Divine in White Bear Lake, Minnesota, said there was frost inside – yes, we said inside – her bedroom window throughout the day on January 30, 2019. “That’s with the heat on in the apartment,” she wrote.

A swirly frost pattern.

View larger at EarthSky Community Photos. | Jacalyn Margittay in Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, wrote on January 27: “Frost on my kitchen window – just pretty.”

Close-up of tiny frost crystals on wood

View larger at EarthSky Community Photos. | And it’s not just the U.S. Midwest that’s cold this week. Jessica Marshall in Birmingham, England, wrote on January 31: “Frost on a fence post this morning in minus 6 degrees!”

Bottom Line: January 2019 images of the brutal cold in the U.S. Midwest and elsewhere around the world.

EarthSky 2019 lunar calendars are cool! Order now. Going fast!



from EarthSky http://bit.ly/2WvXQe8

Light pillar, a moon pillar, moon dogs

Moon, wide ring around it, two bright planets, meteor streak above, yellow vertical line on left.

View larger at EarthSky Community Photos. | There’s a lot going on in this photo. The planets Venus and Jupiter are on the left, near the bright orange vertical light pillar extending up from the ground. Venus is the brighter planet; Jupiter is slightly fainter but still very bright, nearly caught in the orange light pillar. More details below. Photo by Darlene Tanner in Alberta, Canada.

Darlene Tanner captured this photo on the morning of January 29, 2019. Besides the bright, orange-colored vertical light pillar, you can see a moon pillar extending between the ground and the moon. Plus there’s a lunar halo, with the two prominent moon dogs on either side of the moon. Both the halo and light pillars are caused by ice crystals drifting in the air.

Plus, the moon is sliding past 3 planets in the dawn sky this week, and Darlene caught two of them, Venus and Jupiter. The picture caption explains which is which.

And look at the top of the photo! There’s even a meteor. Wow!

Thank you, Darlene!

Read more: Moon slides past 3 morning planets

Read more: What makes a halo around the sun or moon?

Read more: What is a sun pillar or light pillar?



from EarthSky http://bit.ly/2WvRhIw
Moon, wide ring around it, two bright planets, meteor streak above, yellow vertical line on left.

View larger at EarthSky Community Photos. | There’s a lot going on in this photo. The planets Venus and Jupiter are on the left, near the bright orange vertical light pillar extending up from the ground. Venus is the brighter planet; Jupiter is slightly fainter but still very bright, nearly caught in the orange light pillar. More details below. Photo by Darlene Tanner in Alberta, Canada.

Darlene Tanner captured this photo on the morning of January 29, 2019. Besides the bright, orange-colored vertical light pillar, you can see a moon pillar extending between the ground and the moon. Plus there’s a lunar halo, with the two prominent moon dogs on either side of the moon. Both the halo and light pillars are caused by ice crystals drifting in the air.

Plus, the moon is sliding past 3 planets in the dawn sky this week, and Darlene caught two of them, Venus and Jupiter. The picture caption explains which is which.

And look at the top of the photo! There’s even a meteor. Wow!

Thank you, Darlene!

Read more: Moon slides past 3 morning planets

Read more: What makes a halo around the sun or moon?

Read more: What is a sun pillar or light pillar?



from EarthSky http://bit.ly/2WvRhIw

Hyades star cluster: Face of Taurus

The Hyades. Copyright Jerry Lodriguss/AstroPix.com. Used with permission.

With the exception of the Ursa Major Moving Cluster, the Hyades cluster is the closest star cluster to Earth, at a distance of 150 light-years. This cluster is very easy to spot in the night sky, because it has a compact and distinctive shape of the letter V. The bright star Aldebaran is part of the V.

The V-shape represents the Face of the Bull in the constellation Taurus. Aldebaran represents the Bull’s fiery red eye.

The Hyades star cluster has the shape of the letter V. The small dipper-shaped Pleiades star cluster is nearby.

The Hyades star cluster can be found easily on January and February evenings, and is edging toward the western half of the sky by March and April evenings. It has the shape of the letter V. The brightest star in the V is Aldebaran. The small dipper-shaped Pleiades star cluster is nearby.

Orion, the bright star Aldebaran in Taurus, and the Pleiades.

Here are Orion, the bright star Aldebaran in Taurus, and the Pleiades. Notice the three stars of Orion’s Belt, that is, three stars in a short row. Notice that these stars point to Aldebaran.

The Hyades cluster is easy to find by using Orion’s Belt, a compact and noticeable line of three blue-white stars in the constellation Orion the Hunter. Draw a line westward (generally toward your sunset direction) through the Belt stars, and you will come to the bright reddish star Aldebaran, the Bull’s fiery red eye.

Although Aldebaran isn’t a true member of the Hyades star cluster, this bright star is a great guide to this cluster. In fact, Aldebaran is only about 65 light-years distant. The Hyades lies about 2.5 times farther off.

The V-shape figure of stars (except Aldebaran) highlights the brightest of the Hyades’ few hundred stars. A dozen or more Hyades stars are visible to the unaided eye in a dark country sky, but several dozen of the cluster’s stars can be resolved through binoculars or low power in a telescope. From the Northern Hemisphere, the Hyades are best seen in the evening sky from around January to April.

The constellation Taurus the Bull is home to another bright star cluster, the Pleiades. The Pleiades cluster is more distant than the Hyades at some 430 light-years away. Both the Hyades and Pleiades are easily visible to the unaided eye. Both are enhanced by viewing with binoculars.

The Hyades – like their half-sisters the Pleiades – were nymphs of Greek mythology. Image via Greek Mythology Link – by Carlos Parada.

History and mythology of the Hyades. According to sky lore, the teary Hyades are the daughters of Atlas and Aethra, who are forever crying for their brother Hyas, who was killed by a lion or a boar. The Hyades are the half-sisters to the Pleiades, the daughters of Atlas and Pleione. The gods purposely kept Atlas’ daughters – the Hyades and the Pleaides – out of reach of Orion, giving them a safe haven from his lustful pursuits.

The gods transformed Hyas into the constellation Aquarius, and the lion that killed him into the constellation Leo. The gods placed Aquarius and Leo on opposite sides of the sky for Hyas’ protection. That’s why Aquarius and Leo do not appear in the same sky together. As one constellation sets in the west, the other rises in the east – and vice versa.

View larger. | David Rojas in Guatemala City, Guatemala caught the waxing crescent moon, Hyades star cluster with the bright star Aldebaran at one tip of the V, and the Pleiades star cluster on March 22, 2018.

A telescope reveals over 100 stars in the Hyades cluster. The bright red star here is Aldebaran. Photo via astronomycafe.net.

A telescope reveals over 100 stars in the Hyades cluster. The bright red star here is Aldebaran. Photo via astronomycafe.net.

Hyades science. Although the Hyades and Pleaides are half-sisters in mythology, science finds no close relationship in space between these two star clusters.

Astronomers find that the Pleiades are composed of hot blue-white suns in the heyday of youth, which puts the age of the cluster at about 100 million years. In contrast, the cooler red giant and white dwarf stars found in the Hyades indicate a vastly older cluster over 700 million years old.

Interestingly, astronomers suspect an actual kinship between the Hyades cluster and the Beehive star cluster in the constellation Cancer the Crab. Even though these two star clusters are separated from one another by hundreds of light-years, they are akin in age and travel in a similar direction in space. Astronomers believe these clusters might have originated from the same gaseous nebula some 700 to 800 million years ago.

Orion's Belt points to the Hyades star cluster. Image credit: unishot

The three bright stars in a row are Orion’s Belt. They point to the Hyades star cluster. Photo via Unishot/Flickr.

View larger. | More detail on the starry sky around the Hyades. Notice that Orion’s Belt (lower left) points to the Hyades.

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Bottom line: On January and February evenings, look for a V-shaped pattern of stars. The Hyades star cluster represents the face of Taurus the Bull. The cluster is easy to spot and beautiful in binoculars.



from EarthSky http://bit.ly/2MHDSbJ

The Hyades. Copyright Jerry Lodriguss/AstroPix.com. Used with permission.

With the exception of the Ursa Major Moving Cluster, the Hyades cluster is the closest star cluster to Earth, at a distance of 150 light-years. This cluster is very easy to spot in the night sky, because it has a compact and distinctive shape of the letter V. The bright star Aldebaran is part of the V.

The V-shape represents the Face of the Bull in the constellation Taurus. Aldebaran represents the Bull’s fiery red eye.

The Hyades star cluster has the shape of the letter V. The small dipper-shaped Pleiades star cluster is nearby.

The Hyades star cluster can be found easily on January and February evenings, and is edging toward the western half of the sky by March and April evenings. It has the shape of the letter V. The brightest star in the V is Aldebaran. The small dipper-shaped Pleiades star cluster is nearby.

Orion, the bright star Aldebaran in Taurus, and the Pleiades.

Here are Orion, the bright star Aldebaran in Taurus, and the Pleiades. Notice the three stars of Orion’s Belt, that is, three stars in a short row. Notice that these stars point to Aldebaran.

The Hyades cluster is easy to find by using Orion’s Belt, a compact and noticeable line of three blue-white stars in the constellation Orion the Hunter. Draw a line westward (generally toward your sunset direction) through the Belt stars, and you will come to the bright reddish star Aldebaran, the Bull’s fiery red eye.

Although Aldebaran isn’t a true member of the Hyades star cluster, this bright star is a great guide to this cluster. In fact, Aldebaran is only about 65 light-years distant. The Hyades lies about 2.5 times farther off.

The V-shape figure of stars (except Aldebaran) highlights the brightest of the Hyades’ few hundred stars. A dozen or more Hyades stars are visible to the unaided eye in a dark country sky, but several dozen of the cluster’s stars can be resolved through binoculars or low power in a telescope. From the Northern Hemisphere, the Hyades are best seen in the evening sky from around January to April.

The constellation Taurus the Bull is home to another bright star cluster, the Pleiades. The Pleiades cluster is more distant than the Hyades at some 430 light-years away. Both the Hyades and Pleiades are easily visible to the unaided eye. Both are enhanced by viewing with binoculars.

The Hyades – like their half-sisters the Pleiades – were nymphs of Greek mythology. Image via Greek Mythology Link – by Carlos Parada.

History and mythology of the Hyades. According to sky lore, the teary Hyades are the daughters of Atlas and Aethra, who are forever crying for their brother Hyas, who was killed by a lion or a boar. The Hyades are the half-sisters to the Pleiades, the daughters of Atlas and Pleione. The gods purposely kept Atlas’ daughters – the Hyades and the Pleaides – out of reach of Orion, giving them a safe haven from his lustful pursuits.

The gods transformed Hyas into the constellation Aquarius, and the lion that killed him into the constellation Leo. The gods placed Aquarius and Leo on opposite sides of the sky for Hyas’ protection. That’s why Aquarius and Leo do not appear in the same sky together. As one constellation sets in the west, the other rises in the east – and vice versa.

View larger. | David Rojas in Guatemala City, Guatemala caught the waxing crescent moon, Hyades star cluster with the bright star Aldebaran at one tip of the V, and the Pleiades star cluster on March 22, 2018.

A telescope reveals over 100 stars in the Hyades cluster. The bright red star here is Aldebaran. Photo via astronomycafe.net.

A telescope reveals over 100 stars in the Hyades cluster. The bright red star here is Aldebaran. Photo via astronomycafe.net.

Hyades science. Although the Hyades and Pleaides are half-sisters in mythology, science finds no close relationship in space between these two star clusters.

Astronomers find that the Pleiades are composed of hot blue-white suns in the heyday of youth, which puts the age of the cluster at about 100 million years. In contrast, the cooler red giant and white dwarf stars found in the Hyades indicate a vastly older cluster over 700 million years old.

Interestingly, astronomers suspect an actual kinship between the Hyades cluster and the Beehive star cluster in the constellation Cancer the Crab. Even though these two star clusters are separated from one another by hundreds of light-years, they are akin in age and travel in a similar direction in space. Astronomers believe these clusters might have originated from the same gaseous nebula some 700 to 800 million years ago.

Orion's Belt points to the Hyades star cluster. Image credit: unishot

The three bright stars in a row are Orion’s Belt. They point to the Hyades star cluster. Photo via Unishot/Flickr.

View larger. | More detail on the starry sky around the Hyades. Notice that Orion’s Belt (lower left) points to the Hyades.

Enjoying EarthSky? Sign up for our free daily newsletter today!

Bottom line: On January and February evenings, look for a V-shaped pattern of stars. The Hyades star cluster represents the face of Taurus the Bull. The cluster is easy to spot and beautiful in binoculars.



from EarthSky http://bit.ly/2MHDSbJ

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