aads

Various comments and current news [Greg Laden's Blog]

For some reason, Facebook is not posting reliably and I will not abide writing paragraphs that the Internet sucks into oblivion!

So, I have a few thoughts I’ll put here and try to link to.

Rebecca Otto for Governor

Let’s start with Rebecca Otto, who just gave a great talk at the DFL (that’s what we Minnesotans call “Democrats”) Environmental Caucus meeting. Rebecca is running for Governor, and we need her to win.

I’ve written a bit about that (see: Rebecca Otto: by far the strongest and most progressive candidate for Minnesota Governor in 2018), and some time over the next week or so I’ll officially endorse her. (Yes, of course, bloggers can officially do whatever they want!)

Minnesota’s Democratic Governor Vs. The Trumpublicants

Speaking of governors, here is something you should know. In Minnesota, where the women are strong, the men are good looking, and the Republicans are children, we are having a contentious time in the State government. The voters gave both houses of the legislature to the Republicans (riding on Putin’s coat tails?) but our Governor is Mark Dayton. Dayton, a DFLer, has been Governor for a while, and before that, he was in the Senate. Before that, if I recall correctly, he was a department store, but that was before I moved here.

Anyway, the fight is getting nasty and both sides are punching hard. Dayton’s latest move was to line-item-veto the budget item that funds the legislature. That was the funniest thing I’ve seen in politics since Kennedy turned up the heat in the debate studio to make Nixon sweat heavily. Dayton did this, and a few other things, to force the Republicans to negotiate on some key issues where the people of the state really want a certain thing (like no tax breaks on the wealthiest, some improvements in the education budget, etc.) but the Republicans refuse.

Here’s the thing. Dayton’s approval rating right now, in the middle of this big fight, is very high, and his disapproval rating is very low, and this applies across the state (though higher in DFL areas, obviously).

The lesson in the madness: Standing up to Republican tantrums is popular these days. Democrats: Do more of that, grow a spine. If you don’t know what a brave Democrat looks like, go look at Mark Dayton.

Cheap Malcolm Nance Book

You know Malcolm Nance, author of The Plot to Hack America: How Putin’s Cyberspies and WikiLeaks Tried to Steal the 2016 Election. He’s on the Rachel Maddow show all the time. One of his other books, Hacking ISIS: How to Destroy the Cyber Jihad, is RIGHT NOW (and I assume for a limited time?) available for $1.99 in Kindle version. Just noticed that, so I thought I’d pass it on.

Will trump stump Comey?

This is the paragraph that was sucked into the Internet Void: The New York Times is reporting that Trump has no intention of interfering with this week’s testimony by fired FBI Director Comey. But the New York Times also says one never really knows what Trump will do. And, what the heck does the New York Times know anyway?

There are other, more subtle and less reliable, suggestions that Trump may in fact invoke some sort of executive privilege rule and shut down Comey.

The reason I mention this is to encourage RESIST activist groups like Indivisible, and individuals who are willing to go to the street to protest, to be ready for this. If it happens, an appropriate and good outcome would be swarming the streets.

Why? Because Trump shutting down Comey is not only the next step in this very important process, but it could be THE moment of truth for our democracy. Which is a subtle way of saying, the actual end of our democracy. When the President shuts down the Congress investigating possible treason by the President, that is the end. You do understand that, right?

Or, maybe that won’t happen, but we need to be ready.

Thank you very much that is all.



from ScienceBlogs http://ift.tt/2rQZPh2

For some reason, Facebook is not posting reliably and I will not abide writing paragraphs that the Internet sucks into oblivion!

So, I have a few thoughts I’ll put here and try to link to.

Rebecca Otto for Governor

Let’s start with Rebecca Otto, who just gave a great talk at the DFL (that’s what we Minnesotans call “Democrats”) Environmental Caucus meeting. Rebecca is running for Governor, and we need her to win.

I’ve written a bit about that (see: Rebecca Otto: by far the strongest and most progressive candidate for Minnesota Governor in 2018), and some time over the next week or so I’ll officially endorse her. (Yes, of course, bloggers can officially do whatever they want!)

Minnesota’s Democratic Governor Vs. The Trumpublicants

Speaking of governors, here is something you should know. In Minnesota, where the women are strong, the men are good looking, and the Republicans are children, we are having a contentious time in the State government. The voters gave both houses of the legislature to the Republicans (riding on Putin’s coat tails?) but our Governor is Mark Dayton. Dayton, a DFLer, has been Governor for a while, and before that, he was in the Senate. Before that, if I recall correctly, he was a department store, but that was before I moved here.

Anyway, the fight is getting nasty and both sides are punching hard. Dayton’s latest move was to line-item-veto the budget item that funds the legislature. That was the funniest thing I’ve seen in politics since Kennedy turned up the heat in the debate studio to make Nixon sweat heavily. Dayton did this, and a few other things, to force the Republicans to negotiate on some key issues where the people of the state really want a certain thing (like no tax breaks on the wealthiest, some improvements in the education budget, etc.) but the Republicans refuse.

Here’s the thing. Dayton’s approval rating right now, in the middle of this big fight, is very high, and his disapproval rating is very low, and this applies across the state (though higher in DFL areas, obviously).

The lesson in the madness: Standing up to Republican tantrums is popular these days. Democrats: Do more of that, grow a spine. If you don’t know what a brave Democrat looks like, go look at Mark Dayton.

Cheap Malcolm Nance Book

You know Malcolm Nance, author of The Plot to Hack America: How Putin’s Cyberspies and WikiLeaks Tried to Steal the 2016 Election. He’s on the Rachel Maddow show all the time. One of his other books, Hacking ISIS: How to Destroy the Cyber Jihad, is RIGHT NOW (and I assume for a limited time?) available for $1.99 in Kindle version. Just noticed that, so I thought I’d pass it on.

Will trump stump Comey?

This is the paragraph that was sucked into the Internet Void: The New York Times is reporting that Trump has no intention of interfering with this week’s testimony by fired FBI Director Comey. But the New York Times also says one never really knows what Trump will do. And, what the heck does the New York Times know anyway?

There are other, more subtle and less reliable, suggestions that Trump may in fact invoke some sort of executive privilege rule and shut down Comey.

The reason I mention this is to encourage RESIST activist groups like Indivisible, and individuals who are willing to go to the street to protest, to be ready for this. If it happens, an appropriate and good outcome would be swarming the streets.

Why? Because Trump shutting down Comey is not only the next step in this very important process, but it could be THE moment of truth for our democracy. Which is a subtle way of saying, the actual end of our democracy. When the President shuts down the Congress investigating possible treason by the President, that is the end. You do understand that, right?

Or, maybe that won’t happen, but we need to be ready.

Thank you very much that is all.



from ScienceBlogs http://ift.tt/2rQZPh2

2017 SkS Weekly Climate Change & Global Warming News Roundup #22

A chronological listing of news articles posted on the Skeptical Science Facebook page during the past week. 

Editor's Pick

Carbon Dioxide Set an All-Time Monthly High

With May in the books, it’s official: carbon dioxide set an all-time monthly record. It’s a sobering annual reminder that humans are pushing the climate into a state unseen in millions of years.

Carbon dioxide peaked at 409.65 parts per million for the year, according to data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. It’s not a surprise that it happened. Carbon dioxide levels at Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii peak in May every year.

CO2 Emissions Jan 2012 thru May 2017 

The news comes one day after President Trump announced his plan to pull out of the world’s main climate agreement, juxtaposing the severity of the problem with an administration that has shown little to no interest in addressing it.

While plants growing in the northern hemisphere will draw a few parts per million of the carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere over summer, make no mistake, human pollution is pushing atmospheric carbon dioxide ever higher. Mauna Loa Observatory crossed the 410 ppm threshold for the first time in recorded history in April. The May average is almost exactly what UK Met Office scientists predicted it would be in their first carbon dioxide forecast.

Carbon Dioxide Set an All-Time Monthly High by Brian Kahn, Climate Central, June 2, 2017

Links posted on Facebook

Sun May 28, 2017

Mon May 29, 2017

Tue May 30, 2017

Wed May 31, 2017

Thu June 1, 2017

Fri June 2, 2017

Sat June 3, 2017



from Skeptical Science http://ift.tt/2sB9iFi
A chronological listing of news articles posted on the Skeptical Science Facebook page during the past week. 

Editor's Pick

Carbon Dioxide Set an All-Time Monthly High

With May in the books, it’s official: carbon dioxide set an all-time monthly record. It’s a sobering annual reminder that humans are pushing the climate into a state unseen in millions of years.

Carbon dioxide peaked at 409.65 parts per million for the year, according to data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. It’s not a surprise that it happened. Carbon dioxide levels at Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii peak in May every year.

CO2 Emissions Jan 2012 thru May 2017 

The news comes one day after President Trump announced his plan to pull out of the world’s main climate agreement, juxtaposing the severity of the problem with an administration that has shown little to no interest in addressing it.

While plants growing in the northern hemisphere will draw a few parts per million of the carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere over summer, make no mistake, human pollution is pushing atmospheric carbon dioxide ever higher. Mauna Loa Observatory crossed the 410 ppm threshold for the first time in recorded history in April. The May average is almost exactly what UK Met Office scientists predicted it would be in their first carbon dioxide forecast.

Carbon Dioxide Set an All-Time Monthly High by Brian Kahn, Climate Central, June 2, 2017

Links posted on Facebook

Sun May 28, 2017

Mon May 29, 2017

Tue May 30, 2017

Wed May 31, 2017

Thu June 1, 2017

Fri June 2, 2017

Sat June 3, 2017



from Skeptical Science http://ift.tt/2sB9iFi

Ask Ethan: How many Black Holes are there in the Universe? (Synopsis) [Starts With A Bang]

“Black holes are the seductive dragons of the universe, outwardly quiescent yet violent at the heart, uncanny, hostile, primeval, emitting a negative radiance that draws all toward them, gobbling up all who come too close…these strange galactic monsters, for whom creation is destruction, death life, chaos order.” -Robert Coover

For the third time since it began taking data, the LIGO collaboration discovered direct evidence for merging black holes in the Universe. There’s an incredible amount we’ve learned about black holes and where they’re located, however, and very little of it comes from gravitational waves.

What we perceive as a gamma ray burst may have its origin in merging neutron stars, which expel matter into the Universe, creating the heaviest elements known, but also give rise to a black hole in the end. Image credit: NASA / JPL.

Instead, we know how black holes are made, where their progenitors are and were located, and how they’re likely to be distributed today. If we put this picture all together, we can come up with a numerical estimate for how many are likely to be present in our galaxy, along with where they’re expected to be concentrated. It’s an incredible picture!

NASA’s Fermi Satellite has constructed the highest resolution, high-energy map of the Universe ever created. The map of the galaxy’s black holes will likely trace the emissions seen here with a little more scatter, and resolved into millions of individual point sources. Image credit: NASA / DoE / Fermi LAT Collaboration.

Just a few decades ago, we weren’t sure black holes even existed; now we think we know where millions ought to be in every galaxy. Come get the remarkable story on this week’s Ask Ethan!



from ScienceBlogs http://ift.tt/2sB3SKs

“Black holes are the seductive dragons of the universe, outwardly quiescent yet violent at the heart, uncanny, hostile, primeval, emitting a negative radiance that draws all toward them, gobbling up all who come too close…these strange galactic monsters, for whom creation is destruction, death life, chaos order.” -Robert Coover

For the third time since it began taking data, the LIGO collaboration discovered direct evidence for merging black holes in the Universe. There’s an incredible amount we’ve learned about black holes and where they’re located, however, and very little of it comes from gravitational waves.

What we perceive as a gamma ray burst may have its origin in merging neutron stars, which expel matter into the Universe, creating the heaviest elements known, but also give rise to a black hole in the end. Image credit: NASA / JPL.

Instead, we know how black holes are made, where their progenitors are and were located, and how they’re likely to be distributed today. If we put this picture all together, we can come up with a numerical estimate for how many are likely to be present in our galaxy, along with where they’re expected to be concentrated. It’s an incredible picture!

NASA’s Fermi Satellite has constructed the highest resolution, high-energy map of the Universe ever created. The map of the galaxy’s black holes will likely trace the emissions seen here with a little more scatter, and resolved into millions of individual point sources. Image credit: NASA / DoE / Fermi LAT Collaboration.

Just a few decades ago, we weren’t sure black holes even existed; now we think we know where millions ought to be in every galaxy. Come get the remarkable story on this week’s Ask Ethan!



from ScienceBlogs http://ift.tt/2sB3SKs

Paleobotany Of Four Medieval Strongholds [Aardvarchaeology]

Palaeobotanist Jennie Andersson has analysed four soil samples for me, all from floor layers inside buildings at Medieval strongholds that me and my team have excavated in recent years. There’s one each from Stensö, Landsjö, Skällvik and Birgittas udde. Results were sadly not very informative.

Comments Jennie:

“Overall the fossil and carbonised botanical material in the samples, as well as the recent unburnt material, is meagre … No carbonised cereals were found. Three of the four samples did however contain rather large amounts of unburnt bones and scales from fish plus jurpa, a blanket term för amorphous burnt organic material which may represent bread, burnt food, cooking waste or animal fat. Both the fish bones and the cooking waste probably originate in household cooking and waste management … The presence of burnt weeds such as goosefoot, bedstraw, smartweed and clover (Chenopodium album, Galium spp., Persicaria lapathifolia, Trifolium spp.), all of which thrive on nutrient-rich, sometimes slightly damp and open ground and around farms, tally well with what we may imagine would have been common in a castle bailey or around a farm yard where livestock and people tread about every day and share space.”

Report in Swedish here.



from ScienceBlogs http://ift.tt/2sACht0

Palaeobotanist Jennie Andersson has analysed four soil samples for me, all from floor layers inside buildings at Medieval strongholds that me and my team have excavated in recent years. There’s one each from Stensö, Landsjö, Skällvik and Birgittas udde. Results were sadly not very informative.

Comments Jennie:

“Overall the fossil and carbonised botanical material in the samples, as well as the recent unburnt material, is meagre … No carbonised cereals were found. Three of the four samples did however contain rather large amounts of unburnt bones and scales from fish plus jurpa, a blanket term för amorphous burnt organic material which may represent bread, burnt food, cooking waste or animal fat. Both the fish bones and the cooking waste probably originate in household cooking and waste management … The presence of burnt weeds such as goosefoot, bedstraw, smartweed and clover (Chenopodium album, Galium spp., Persicaria lapathifolia, Trifolium spp.), all of which thrive on nutrient-rich, sometimes slightly damp and open ground and around farms, tally well with what we may imagine would have been common in a castle bailey or around a farm yard where livestock and people tread about every day and share space.”

Report in Swedish here.



from ScienceBlogs http://ift.tt/2sACht0

Close conjunction of Venus and Uranus

Composite image of Uranus and Venus on June 2 from Eliot Herman. You can see just a hint of Uranus’ green color.

Eliot Herman in Tucson told EarthSky:

Uranus isn’t easy to spot, just below visual range, but with any aid it is there. But, with the breaking dawn, the window to see them here before dawn breaks is short, maybe 30-40 minutes. Just a tiny dot compared to Venus, capturing both with the 2-degree separation.

Jupiter and moon ought to be more impressive on June 3.

Photo captured with a Nikon D800 and Nikon F4 300 mm lens with a 1.7X teleconverter @ ISO 1250, 1 sec exposures with 21 images stacked.

Image just before 4 a.m. in the predawn.



from EarthSky http://ift.tt/2qKTJur

Composite image of Uranus and Venus on June 2 from Eliot Herman. You can see just a hint of Uranus’ green color.

Eliot Herman in Tucson told EarthSky:

Uranus isn’t easy to spot, just below visual range, but with any aid it is there. But, with the breaking dawn, the window to see them here before dawn breaks is short, maybe 30-40 minutes. Just a tiny dot compared to Venus, capturing both with the 2-degree separation.

Jupiter and moon ought to be more impressive on June 3.

Photo captured with a Nikon D800 and Nikon F4 300 mm lens with a 1.7X teleconverter @ ISO 1250, 1 sec exposures with 21 images stacked.

Image just before 4 a.m. in the predawn.



from EarthSky http://ift.tt/2qKTJur

Cool preview of Pluto craft’s next target

Artist’s concept of the New Horizons spacecraft – same craft that flew past Pluto in 2015 – encountering the Kuiper Belt object 2014 MU69 on January 1, 2019. Image via NASA/ JHUAPL/ SwRI.

How do you study a body only tens of miles across, nearly 4 billion miles away? Wait for it to pass in front of a star! Astronomers call these events occultations of stars, and they’ve been scientifically fruitful in the past. For example, rings for the planet Uranus were first discovered in 1977, when that outer planet occulted a star. Starting today (June 3, 2017) and for the next six weeks, the mission team of the New Horizons spacecraft – same team that has been busy analyzing data from New Horizons’ 2015 Pluto flyby – will be peering through earthly telescopes at three different occultation events involving the craft’s next target object, a tiny and almost wholly unexplored body in the Kuiper Belt known as 2014 MU69.

New Horizons will race past MU69 on January 1, 2019, bestowing upon this little world the distinction of being the farthest object yet encountered by any earthly spacecraft. But that’ll be then. For now the team is traveling to Argentina, South Africa and boarding NASA’s airborne Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) in order to observe MU69 as it passes in front of stars on June 3, and on July July 10 and 17.

You can follow their observations on Facebook and Twitter using #mu69occ.

According to these astronomers’ statement, the occultations by MU69 will give the New Horizons mission team:

… a preview of sorts – and a chance to gather some critical encounter-planning information – with a rare look at their target object from Earth …

To observe the June 3 [occultation], more than 50 team members and collaborators are deploying along projected viewing paths in Argentina and South Africa. They’ll fix camera-equipped portable telescopes on the occultation star and watch for changes in its light that can tell them much about MU69 itself.

Projected path of the 2014 MU69 occultation shadow, across South America and the southern tip of Africa, on June 3. Image via Larry Wasserman/ Lowell Observatory/ New Horizons.

New Horizons Principal Investigator Alan Stern, of Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) in Boulder, Colorado explained why these observations are so important for the New Horizons team:

Our primary objective is to determine if there are hazards near MU69 – rings, dust or even satellites – that could affect our flight planning. But we also expect to learn more about its orbit and possibly determine its size and shape. All of that will help feed our flyby planning effort.

Marc Buie, the New Horizons co-investigator from SwRI who is leading the occultation observations, said that because MU69 is so small – thought to be about 25 miles (40 km) across – the occultations should only last about two seconds. But he said scientists can learn a lot from even that, and observations from several telescopes positioned at different places on Earth can reveal information about an object’s shape as well as its brightness.

New Horizons team members prepare one of the new 16-inch telescopes for deployment to occultation observation sites in Argentina and South Africa. Image via Kerri Beisser/ New Horizons.

The team provided this description of their equipment and plans:

The mission team has 22 new, portable 16-inch (40-cm) telescopes at the ready, along with three others portables and over two-dozen fixed-base telescopes that will be located along the occultation path through Argentina and South Africa. But deciding exactly where to place them was a challenge. This particular Kuiper Belt object was discovered just three years ago, so its orbit is still largely unknown. Without a precise fix on the object’s position – or on the exact path its narrow shadow might take across Earth – the team is spacing the telescope teams along ‘picket fence lines,’ one every 6 to 18 miles (10 or 25 km), to increase the odds that at least one or more of the portable telescopes will catch the center of the event and help determine the size of MU69.

The other telescopes will provide multiple probes for debris that could be a danger to the fast-moving New Horizons spacecraft when it flies by MU69 at about 35,000 miles per hour (56,000 km per hour), on January 1, 2019.

These scientists say they welcome any information on MU69, gathered from the skies or on the ground. Carly Howett, deputy principal investigator of New Horizons’ Ralph instrument, of SwRI, said so little is known about MU69 that the team is planning observations of a target it doesn’t fully understand. She also pointed out that time to learn more about the object is short:

We were only able to start planning the MU69 encounter after we flew by Pluto in 2015. That gives us two years, instead of almost seven years we had to plan the Pluto encounter. So it’s a very different and, in many ways, more challenging flyby to plan.

Alan Stern said:

Spacecraft flybys are unforgiving. There are no second chances. The upcoming occultations are valuable opportunity to learn something about MU69 before our encounter, and help us plan for a very unique flyby of a scientifically important relic of the solar system’s era of formation.

View larger. | New Horizons, heading out of the solar system, has been given the nod for an extended mission to 2014 MU69. Astronomers are trying to learn all they can about this little body in the Kuiper Belt before the spacecraft’s January 1, 2019 encounter.

Bottom line: On June 3, July 10 and July 17, 2017, astronomers will be watching as tiny MU69 in the outer solar system – the New Horizons spacecraft’s next target – occults or blocks the light from three different stars.

Via New Horizons mission



from EarthSky http://ift.tt/2rCeSdm

Artist’s concept of the New Horizons spacecraft – same craft that flew past Pluto in 2015 – encountering the Kuiper Belt object 2014 MU69 on January 1, 2019. Image via NASA/ JHUAPL/ SwRI.

How do you study a body only tens of miles across, nearly 4 billion miles away? Wait for it to pass in front of a star! Astronomers call these events occultations of stars, and they’ve been scientifically fruitful in the past. For example, rings for the planet Uranus were first discovered in 1977, when that outer planet occulted a star. Starting today (June 3, 2017) and for the next six weeks, the mission team of the New Horizons spacecraft – same team that has been busy analyzing data from New Horizons’ 2015 Pluto flyby – will be peering through earthly telescopes at three different occultation events involving the craft’s next target object, a tiny and almost wholly unexplored body in the Kuiper Belt known as 2014 MU69.

New Horizons will race past MU69 on January 1, 2019, bestowing upon this little world the distinction of being the farthest object yet encountered by any earthly spacecraft. But that’ll be then. For now the team is traveling to Argentina, South Africa and boarding NASA’s airborne Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) in order to observe MU69 as it passes in front of stars on June 3, and on July July 10 and 17.

You can follow their observations on Facebook and Twitter using #mu69occ.

According to these astronomers’ statement, the occultations by MU69 will give the New Horizons mission team:

… a preview of sorts – and a chance to gather some critical encounter-planning information – with a rare look at their target object from Earth …

To observe the June 3 [occultation], more than 50 team members and collaborators are deploying along projected viewing paths in Argentina and South Africa. They’ll fix camera-equipped portable telescopes on the occultation star and watch for changes in its light that can tell them much about MU69 itself.

Projected path of the 2014 MU69 occultation shadow, across South America and the southern tip of Africa, on June 3. Image via Larry Wasserman/ Lowell Observatory/ New Horizons.

New Horizons Principal Investigator Alan Stern, of Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) in Boulder, Colorado explained why these observations are so important for the New Horizons team:

Our primary objective is to determine if there are hazards near MU69 – rings, dust or even satellites – that could affect our flight planning. But we also expect to learn more about its orbit and possibly determine its size and shape. All of that will help feed our flyby planning effort.

Marc Buie, the New Horizons co-investigator from SwRI who is leading the occultation observations, said that because MU69 is so small – thought to be about 25 miles (40 km) across – the occultations should only last about two seconds. But he said scientists can learn a lot from even that, and observations from several telescopes positioned at different places on Earth can reveal information about an object’s shape as well as its brightness.

New Horizons team members prepare one of the new 16-inch telescopes for deployment to occultation observation sites in Argentina and South Africa. Image via Kerri Beisser/ New Horizons.

The team provided this description of their equipment and plans:

The mission team has 22 new, portable 16-inch (40-cm) telescopes at the ready, along with three others portables and over two-dozen fixed-base telescopes that will be located along the occultation path through Argentina and South Africa. But deciding exactly where to place them was a challenge. This particular Kuiper Belt object was discovered just three years ago, so its orbit is still largely unknown. Without a precise fix on the object’s position – or on the exact path its narrow shadow might take across Earth – the team is spacing the telescope teams along ‘picket fence lines,’ one every 6 to 18 miles (10 or 25 km), to increase the odds that at least one or more of the portable telescopes will catch the center of the event and help determine the size of MU69.

The other telescopes will provide multiple probes for debris that could be a danger to the fast-moving New Horizons spacecraft when it flies by MU69 at about 35,000 miles per hour (56,000 km per hour), on January 1, 2019.

These scientists say they welcome any information on MU69, gathered from the skies or on the ground. Carly Howett, deputy principal investigator of New Horizons’ Ralph instrument, of SwRI, said so little is known about MU69 that the team is planning observations of a target it doesn’t fully understand. She also pointed out that time to learn more about the object is short:

We were only able to start planning the MU69 encounter after we flew by Pluto in 2015. That gives us two years, instead of almost seven years we had to plan the Pluto encounter. So it’s a very different and, in many ways, more challenging flyby to plan.

Alan Stern said:

Spacecraft flybys are unforgiving. There are no second chances. The upcoming occultations are valuable opportunity to learn something about MU69 before our encounter, and help us plan for a very unique flyby of a scientifically important relic of the solar system’s era of formation.

View larger. | New Horizons, heading out of the solar system, has been given the nod for an extended mission to 2014 MU69. Astronomers are trying to learn all they can about this little body in the Kuiper Belt before the spacecraft’s January 1, 2019 encounter.

Bottom line: On June 3, July 10 and July 17, 2017, astronomers will be watching as tiny MU69 in the outer solar system – the New Horizons spacecraft’s next target – occults or blocks the light from three different stars.

Via New Horizons mission



from EarthSky http://ift.tt/2rCeSdm

Your immune system in space

Our immune system works unnoticed to protect the body, but even subtle changes in the immune system might be linked to the onset of illness. During space travel, factors such as radiation, microgravity, stress, and altered sleep cycles could all affect astronaut immune systems.

A new NASA study will investigate the immune system changes that occur in International Space Station (ISS) astronauts. Scientists hope that understanding these immune system changes will help pinpoint the onset of illness, and suggest monitoring strategies, or treatments, that can boost the immune system and prevent full-blown infections and diseases, not just in space, but here on Earth as well.

Enjoying EarthSky so far? Sign up for our free daily newsletter today!

Bottom line: Video from NASA about studies looking at the effects of space travel on the human body’s immune system.

Read more from NASA



from EarthSky http://ift.tt/2rCcL9q

Our immune system works unnoticed to protect the body, but even subtle changes in the immune system might be linked to the onset of illness. During space travel, factors such as radiation, microgravity, stress, and altered sleep cycles could all affect astronaut immune systems.

A new NASA study will investigate the immune system changes that occur in International Space Station (ISS) astronauts. Scientists hope that understanding these immune system changes will help pinpoint the onset of illness, and suggest monitoring strategies, or treatments, that can boost the immune system and prevent full-blown infections and diseases, not just in space, but here on Earth as well.

Enjoying EarthSky so far? Sign up for our free daily newsletter today!

Bottom line: Video from NASA about studies looking at the effects of space travel on the human body’s immune system.

Read more from NASA



from EarthSky http://ift.tt/2rCcL9q

adds 2