aads

Tracking Space Weather Before It Reaches Earth

By Karen C. Fox
NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center

Our sun is a volatile star: explosions of light, energy and solar materials regularly dot its surface. Sometimes an eruption is so large it hurls magnetized material into space, sending out clouds that can pass by Earth’s own magnetic fields, where the interactions can affect electronics on satellites, GPS communications or even utility grids on the ground.

A giant cloud of solar particles, called a coronal mass ejection, explodes off the sun on Jan. 7, 2014, as seen in the light halo to the lower right in this image captured by ESA/NASA's Solar and Heliospheric Observatory. By combining such images with data of the eruption closer to the sun's surface, scientists have created a new model to better understand how such CMEs evolve as they travel and how they might impact Earth. (Photo: ESA & NASA/SOHO/Released)

A giant cloud of solar particles, called a coronal mass ejection, explodes off the sun on Jan. 7, 2014, as seen in the light halo to the lower right in this image captured by ESA/NASA’s Solar and Heliospheric Observatory. By combining such images with data of the eruption closer to the sun’s surface, scientists have created a new model to better understand how such CMEs evolve as they travel and how they might impact Earth. (Photo: ESA & NASA/SOHO/Released)

The clouds can be large or small. They can be relatively slow or as fast as 3,000 miles per second, but only one component has a strong effect on how much a CME will arrange the magnetic fields in near-Earth space. If they are aligned in the same direction as Earth’s — that is, pointing from south to north — the CME will slide by without much effect. If aligned in the opposite direction, however, Earth’s magnetic fields can be completely rearranged. Indeed, it has happened that giant, fast moving CMEs have had little effect at Earth, while small ones have caused huge space weather storms, dependent on that one factor of where the magnetic fields point.

But right now we don’t have much advance notice of how a CME’s magnetic fields are arranged. We can only measure the fields as the CME passes over satellites close to Earth.

“What we have now is effectively only a 30 to 60 minute heads up of a CME’s configuration before it hits Earth’s magnetosphere,” said Neel Savani, a space scientist at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. “We don’t have a real time method for measuring or modeling this magnetic field more than an hour before a space weather impact.”

This image of the sun from January 7, 2014, combines a picture of the sun captured by NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory, or SDO, with a model of the magnetic field lines using data that is also from SDO. A new model based on such data may one day help space weather forecasters better predict how eruptions from the sun will behave at Earth. (Photo: NASA/SDO/LMSAL/Released)

This image of the sun from January 7, 2014, combines a picture of the sun captured by NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory, or SDO, with a model of the magnetic field lines using data that is also from SDO. A new model based on such data may one day help space weather forecasters better predict how eruptions from the sun will behave at Earth. (Photo: NASA/SDO/LMSAL/Released)

Savani described a new model to measure the magnetic field configuration significantly further ahead of time in a paper appearing in Space Weather on June 9, 2015. The model is now undergoing testing, but if it’s robust, then scientists might finally have a tool to predict a CME’s magnetic configuration from afar. And that means forecasters could give utility grid and satellite operators a full 24-hour advance warning to protect their systems — crucial time to protect their assets.

While NASA doesn’t have any tools that can observe the magnetic configuration of a CME directly as it is traveling toward us, Savani made use of NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory to observe the magnetic fields of the initial eruption on the sun.

In the past, using such data to predict which direction the CME’s magnetic fields point has not been very successful. However, Savani realized that earlier attempts simplified the eruptions too much, assuming they came from a single active region — the magnetically complex spots on the sun that often give rise to solar eruptions. Savani’s new method is able to incorporate the complex reality of CMEs having foot points in more than one active region.

By watching how the CME moves and changes in these coronagraphs, Savani’s model tracks how the initial eruption evolves over time. Ultimately, the model can describe how the CME will be configured as it approaches Earth, and even which parts of the CME will have magnetic fields pointed in which direction.

If perfected, the models can be used by the Space Weather Prediction Center at the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association to provide alerts and forecasts to industries that require space weather forecasts, such as the military, the airlines and utility companies.

Story and information provided by NASA
Follow Armed with Science on Facebook and Twitter!

———-

Disclaimer: Re-published content may have been edited for length and clarity. The appearance of hyperlinks does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Defense. For other than authorized activities, such as, military exchanges and Morale, Welfare and Recreation sites, the Department of Defense does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. Such links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this DoD website.



from Armed with Science http://ift.tt/1HxRPlj

By Karen C. Fox
NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center

Our sun is a volatile star: explosions of light, energy and solar materials regularly dot its surface. Sometimes an eruption is so large it hurls magnetized material into space, sending out clouds that can pass by Earth’s own magnetic fields, where the interactions can affect electronics on satellites, GPS communications or even utility grids on the ground.

A giant cloud of solar particles, called a coronal mass ejection, explodes off the sun on Jan. 7, 2014, as seen in the light halo to the lower right in this image captured by ESA/NASA's Solar and Heliospheric Observatory. By combining such images with data of the eruption closer to the sun's surface, scientists have created a new model to better understand how such CMEs evolve as they travel and how they might impact Earth. (Photo: ESA & NASA/SOHO/Released)

A giant cloud of solar particles, called a coronal mass ejection, explodes off the sun on Jan. 7, 2014, as seen in the light halo to the lower right in this image captured by ESA/NASA’s Solar and Heliospheric Observatory. By combining such images with data of the eruption closer to the sun’s surface, scientists have created a new model to better understand how such CMEs evolve as they travel and how they might impact Earth. (Photo: ESA & NASA/SOHO/Released)

The clouds can be large or small. They can be relatively slow or as fast as 3,000 miles per second, but only one component has a strong effect on how much a CME will arrange the magnetic fields in near-Earth space. If they are aligned in the same direction as Earth’s — that is, pointing from south to north — the CME will slide by without much effect. If aligned in the opposite direction, however, Earth’s magnetic fields can be completely rearranged. Indeed, it has happened that giant, fast moving CMEs have had little effect at Earth, while small ones have caused huge space weather storms, dependent on that one factor of where the magnetic fields point.

But right now we don’t have much advance notice of how a CME’s magnetic fields are arranged. We can only measure the fields as the CME passes over satellites close to Earth.

“What we have now is effectively only a 30 to 60 minute heads up of a CME’s configuration before it hits Earth’s magnetosphere,” said Neel Savani, a space scientist at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. “We don’t have a real time method for measuring or modeling this magnetic field more than an hour before a space weather impact.”

This image of the sun from January 7, 2014, combines a picture of the sun captured by NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory, or SDO, with a model of the magnetic field lines using data that is also from SDO. A new model based on such data may one day help space weather forecasters better predict how eruptions from the sun will behave at Earth. (Photo: NASA/SDO/LMSAL/Released)

This image of the sun from January 7, 2014, combines a picture of the sun captured by NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory, or SDO, with a model of the magnetic field lines using data that is also from SDO. A new model based on such data may one day help space weather forecasters better predict how eruptions from the sun will behave at Earth. (Photo: NASA/SDO/LMSAL/Released)

Savani described a new model to measure the magnetic field configuration significantly further ahead of time in a paper appearing in Space Weather on June 9, 2015. The model is now undergoing testing, but if it’s robust, then scientists might finally have a tool to predict a CME’s magnetic configuration from afar. And that means forecasters could give utility grid and satellite operators a full 24-hour advance warning to protect their systems — crucial time to protect their assets.

While NASA doesn’t have any tools that can observe the magnetic configuration of a CME directly as it is traveling toward us, Savani made use of NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory to observe the magnetic fields of the initial eruption on the sun.

In the past, using such data to predict which direction the CME’s magnetic fields point has not been very successful. However, Savani realized that earlier attempts simplified the eruptions too much, assuming they came from a single active region — the magnetically complex spots on the sun that often give rise to solar eruptions. Savani’s new method is able to incorporate the complex reality of CMEs having foot points in more than one active region.

By watching how the CME moves and changes in these coronagraphs, Savani’s model tracks how the initial eruption evolves over time. Ultimately, the model can describe how the CME will be configured as it approaches Earth, and even which parts of the CME will have magnetic fields pointed in which direction.

If perfected, the models can be used by the Space Weather Prediction Center at the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association to provide alerts and forecasts to industries that require space weather forecasts, such as the military, the airlines and utility companies.

Story and information provided by NASA
Follow Armed with Science on Facebook and Twitter!

———-

Disclaimer: Re-published content may have been edited for length and clarity. The appearance of hyperlinks does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Defense. For other than authorized activities, such as, military exchanges and Morale, Welfare and Recreation sites, the Department of Defense does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. Such links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this DoD website.



from Armed with Science http://ift.tt/1HxRPlj

Find M4, a globular cluster by the Scorpion’s heart

At nightfall, look in your southern sky for the bright ruddy star that is called the Scorpion’s Heart – Antares, the brightest star in the constellation Scorpius. Antares is always up on summer evenings. It’s a bright red star known for twinkling rapidly. If you have binoculars, sweep for an object near Antares on the sky’s dome. This object is called Messier 4 or M4. It’s a globular cluster, one of our sun’s oldest inhabitants. M4 has an estimated age of 12.2 billion years, in contrast to about 4.5 billion years for our sun. Follow the links below to learn more.

How to see M4

History and science of M4

Look first for the Scorpion. It's in the south on summer evenings as seen from the N. Hemisphere. Notice Antares, the red heart of the Scorpion. Then, assuming you have a dark sky, look just to the right of Antares for M4.

Look first for the Scorpion. It’s in the south on summer evenings as seen from the N. Hemisphere. Notice Antares, the red heart of the Scorpion. Then, assuming you have a dark sky, look just to the right of Antares for M4.

How to see M4. If you’ve never found a deep-sky object on your own before, M4 is a grand place to start. The M4 globular star cluster is easy to find, because it’s right next to the first-magnitude star Antares, the brightest in the constellation Scorpius the Scorpion. Your first step to locating M4 is to find Antares, the Scorpion’s heart star.

Antares and M4 are best seen when they are due south and highest in the sky. In early June, Antares is highest in the sky around midnight (1 a.m. daylight savings time). Remember, the stars return to the same place in the sky some 2 hours earlier every month. Therefore, Antares is highest up around 10 p.m. (11 p.m. daylight savings time) in early July, and 8 p.m. (9 p.m. daylight savings time) in early August. In short, summer evenings are probably your best bet for catching M4.

You might glimpse M4 on a very dark, moonless night. If you can’t see it, use binoculars to sweep for it. Antares and M4 readily fit inside the same binocular field of view, with M4 appearing a bit more than 1 degree to the west (or right) of Antares. For reference, a typical binocular field has a diameter of 5 to 6 degrees. M4 looks like a rather dim, hazy star in binoculars, and you might want a telescope to begin to resolve this cluster into stars.

Red star Antares, right, and nearby star cluster M4 via StargazerBob.com@aol.com

Red star Antares, right, and nearby star cluster M4 via StargazerBob.com@aol.com

History and science of M4. The comet hunter Charles Messier (1730-1817) listed M4 as object #4 in his famous Messier catalog. The Messier catalog listed over 100 deep-sky objects that look like comets, but really aren’t. Charles Messier wanted to steer comet hunters away from these faint fuzzies that masquerade as comets.

Modern astronomy tells us that M4 is a globular star cluster – a globe-shape stellar city packed with perhaps a hundred thousand stars. Unlike open star clusters – such as the Pleiades and the Hyades – the Milky Way galaxy’s 200 or so globular star clusters are not part of the galactic disk.

Instead, globular clusters populate the galactic halo – the sphere-shaped region of the Milky Way circling above and below the pancake-shape galactic disk.<</p>

At about 7,000 light-years from Earth, M4 is one of the two closest globular clusters to our sun and Earth (the other is NGC 6397). That’s among the Milky Way’s 200 or so globular clusters. Most globulars reside tens of thousands of light-years away. The farthest of globular clusters, M54, is thought to be 70,000 light-years distant.

This ball of stars is 75 light-years across.

Globular clusters are tightly packed with tens to hundreds of thousands of stars, whereas open clusters are loosely-bound stellar confederations with only a few hundred to a thousand stars. Globular clusters contain primitive stars that are billions of years old and almost as old as the universe itself. On the other hand, open clusters consist of young, hot stars that tend to disperse after hundreds of millions of years.

Messier 4 or M4 from European Southern Observatory.

Messier 4 or M4 from European Southern Observatory.

Bottom line: M4 or Messier 4 is a globular star cluster, one of the nearest to our solar system. It’s also one of the easiest of all globular clusters to find, in a dark sky. As seen from the N. Hemisphere, it’s in the south on summer evening, located just to the right of the bright red star Antares, heart of the Scorpion in the constellation Scorpius.

M4’s position is at Right Ascension: 16h 23.6m; Declination: 26 degrees 32′ south



from EarthSky http://ift.tt/1LJT7MO

At nightfall, look in your southern sky for the bright ruddy star that is called the Scorpion’s Heart – Antares, the brightest star in the constellation Scorpius. Antares is always up on summer evenings. It’s a bright red star known for twinkling rapidly. If you have binoculars, sweep for an object near Antares on the sky’s dome. This object is called Messier 4 or M4. It’s a globular cluster, one of our sun’s oldest inhabitants. M4 has an estimated age of 12.2 billion years, in contrast to about 4.5 billion years for our sun. Follow the links below to learn more.

How to see M4

History and science of M4

Look first for the Scorpion. It's in the south on summer evenings as seen from the N. Hemisphere. Notice Antares, the red heart of the Scorpion. Then, assuming you have a dark sky, look just to the right of Antares for M4.

Look first for the Scorpion. It’s in the south on summer evenings as seen from the N. Hemisphere. Notice Antares, the red heart of the Scorpion. Then, assuming you have a dark sky, look just to the right of Antares for M4.

How to see M4. If you’ve never found a deep-sky object on your own before, M4 is a grand place to start. The M4 globular star cluster is easy to find, because it’s right next to the first-magnitude star Antares, the brightest in the constellation Scorpius the Scorpion. Your first step to locating M4 is to find Antares, the Scorpion’s heart star.

Antares and M4 are best seen when they are due south and highest in the sky. In early June, Antares is highest in the sky around midnight (1 a.m. daylight savings time). Remember, the stars return to the same place in the sky some 2 hours earlier every month. Therefore, Antares is highest up around 10 p.m. (11 p.m. daylight savings time) in early July, and 8 p.m. (9 p.m. daylight savings time) in early August. In short, summer evenings are probably your best bet for catching M4.

You might glimpse M4 on a very dark, moonless night. If you can’t see it, use binoculars to sweep for it. Antares and M4 readily fit inside the same binocular field of view, with M4 appearing a bit more than 1 degree to the west (or right) of Antares. For reference, a typical binocular field has a diameter of 5 to 6 degrees. M4 looks like a rather dim, hazy star in binoculars, and you might want a telescope to begin to resolve this cluster into stars.

Red star Antares, right, and nearby star cluster M4 via StargazerBob.com@aol.com

Red star Antares, right, and nearby star cluster M4 via StargazerBob.com@aol.com

History and science of M4. The comet hunter Charles Messier (1730-1817) listed M4 as object #4 in his famous Messier catalog. The Messier catalog listed over 100 deep-sky objects that look like comets, but really aren’t. Charles Messier wanted to steer comet hunters away from these faint fuzzies that masquerade as comets.

Modern astronomy tells us that M4 is a globular star cluster – a globe-shape stellar city packed with perhaps a hundred thousand stars. Unlike open star clusters – such as the Pleiades and the Hyades – the Milky Way galaxy’s 200 or so globular star clusters are not part of the galactic disk.

Instead, globular clusters populate the galactic halo – the sphere-shaped region of the Milky Way circling above and below the pancake-shape galactic disk.<</p>

At about 7,000 light-years from Earth, M4 is one of the two closest globular clusters to our sun and Earth (the other is NGC 6397). That’s among the Milky Way’s 200 or so globular clusters. Most globulars reside tens of thousands of light-years away. The farthest of globular clusters, M54, is thought to be 70,000 light-years distant.

This ball of stars is 75 light-years across.

Globular clusters are tightly packed with tens to hundreds of thousands of stars, whereas open clusters are loosely-bound stellar confederations with only a few hundred to a thousand stars. Globular clusters contain primitive stars that are billions of years old and almost as old as the universe itself. On the other hand, open clusters consist of young, hot stars that tend to disperse after hundreds of millions of years.

Messier 4 or M4 from European Southern Observatory.

Messier 4 or M4 from European Southern Observatory.

Bottom line: M4 or Messier 4 is a globular star cluster, one of the nearest to our solar system. It’s also one of the easiest of all globular clusters to find, in a dark sky. As seen from the N. Hemisphere, it’s in the south on summer evening, located just to the right of the bright red star Antares, heart of the Scorpion in the constellation Scorpius.

M4’s position is at Right Ascension: 16h 23.6m; Declination: 26 degrees 32′ south



from EarthSky http://ift.tt/1LJT7MO

Mercury and more before dawn

Mercury, Aldebaran, Pleiades on June 30, 2015 by Ken Christison.

Planet Mercury, star Aldebaran, Pleiades star cluster on June 30 by Ken Christison in Conway, North Carolina.

Ken Christison posted this photo to EarthSky Facebook. He wrote:

l was thrilled to see that I caught Mercury, Aldebaran and the Pleiades in a frame this morning, despite not seeing any of them with the naked eye or through the viewfinder.

Another great example of the advantages of shooting RAW.

Thank you, Ken!

Mercury is the innermost planet in our solar system, and it’s often obscured by the sun’s glare or – as might be the case in Ken’s photo – any haziness low in the sky. You do have a chance to see Mercury with the eye alone before dawn now, and you might catch the nearby star Aldebaran in the constellation Taurus the Bull, too. The Southern Hemisphere has the advantage for viewing this particular apparition of Mercury (and also Aldebaran) in the morning sky. No matter where you live, it’ll be to your advantage to find an unobstructed horizon in the direction of sunrise. Binoculars will come in handy as well – especially at more northerly latitudes.

As the days pass during July, Aldebaran will be rising higher in the eastern sky before dawn, but Mercury will be sinking toward the sunrise glare. By the time the waning crescent moon sweeps through – on the mornings of July 12, 13 and 14 – Mercury will be difficult if not impossible to see.

It shouldn't be too difficult to catch the waning crescent moon near the star Aldebaran, but it'll be quite the challenge to catch the shrinking lunar crescent with the planet Mercury. The green line depicts the ecliptic - the sun's annual path in front of the constellations of the Zodiac. Read more.

It shouldn’t be too difficult to catch the waning crescent moon near the star Aldebaran on these mornings – July 12-14, 2015 – but it’ll be a challenge to catch the lunar crescent with the planet Mercury. The green line depicts the ecliptic – the sun’s path across our sky. Read more.

Bottom line: A photo by Ken Christison of the sun’s innermost planet, Mercury, before dawn on June 30, 2015. How to see Mercury around now, in the east before dawn.

Enjoying EarthSky so far? Sign up for our free daily newsletter today!



from EarthSky http://ift.tt/1FUrB75
Mercury, Aldebaran, Pleiades on June 30, 2015 by Ken Christison.

Planet Mercury, star Aldebaran, Pleiades star cluster on June 30 by Ken Christison in Conway, North Carolina.

Ken Christison posted this photo to EarthSky Facebook. He wrote:

l was thrilled to see that I caught Mercury, Aldebaran and the Pleiades in a frame this morning, despite not seeing any of them with the naked eye or through the viewfinder.

Another great example of the advantages of shooting RAW.

Thank you, Ken!

Mercury is the innermost planet in our solar system, and it’s often obscured by the sun’s glare or – as might be the case in Ken’s photo – any haziness low in the sky. You do have a chance to see Mercury with the eye alone before dawn now, and you might catch the nearby star Aldebaran in the constellation Taurus the Bull, too. The Southern Hemisphere has the advantage for viewing this particular apparition of Mercury (and also Aldebaran) in the morning sky. No matter where you live, it’ll be to your advantage to find an unobstructed horizon in the direction of sunrise. Binoculars will come in handy as well – especially at more northerly latitudes.

As the days pass during July, Aldebaran will be rising higher in the eastern sky before dawn, but Mercury will be sinking toward the sunrise glare. By the time the waning crescent moon sweeps through – on the mornings of July 12, 13 and 14 – Mercury will be difficult if not impossible to see.

It shouldn't be too difficult to catch the waning crescent moon near the star Aldebaran, but it'll be quite the challenge to catch the shrinking lunar crescent with the planet Mercury. The green line depicts the ecliptic - the sun's annual path in front of the constellations of the Zodiac. Read more.

It shouldn’t be too difficult to catch the waning crescent moon near the star Aldebaran on these mornings – July 12-14, 2015 – but it’ll be a challenge to catch the lunar crescent with the planet Mercury. The green line depicts the ecliptic – the sun’s path across our sky. Read more.

Bottom line: A photo by Ken Christison of the sun’s innermost planet, Mercury, before dawn on June 30, 2015. How to see Mercury around now, in the east before dawn.

Enjoying EarthSky so far? Sign up for our free daily newsletter today!



from EarthSky http://ift.tt/1FUrB75

Blue Moon of July 2015 and future Blue Moons

Image above via Flickr user Tim Geers

Your calendar likely says that the first of two July 2015 full moons falls on July 2. The first full moon of July falls on July 2 at 2:20 Universal Time. That’s July 1 at 10:20 p.m. EDT, 9:20 p.m. CDT, 8:20 p.m. MDT pr 7:20 p.m. PDT. So, for us in the U.S., the full moon happens on July 1.

Meanwhile, the second full moon of the month will come on July 31, 2015. By popular acclaim, it’ll be known as a Blue Moon.

How often will we get a Blue Moon in the month of July?

Every 19 years, the phases of the moon recur on or near the same calendar dates. This is the Metonic cycle. That means in 2034 we’ll again have two full moons in July 2034 and another Blue Moon on July 31, 2034.

There are 235 full moons yet only 228 calendar months in the 19-year Metonic cycle. Because the number of full moons outnumber the number of calendar months, that means at least seven of these 228 months have to harbor two full moons (235 – 228 = 7 extra full moons).

However, if a February within this 19-year period has no full moon at all – as is the case in February 2018 – that means this extra full moon must fall within the boundaries of another month, too. Therefore, the year 2018 actually sports two Blue Moons, giving us a total of 8 Blue-Moon months in the upcoming 19-year Metonic cycle:

1. January 31, 2018
2. March 31, 2018
3. October 31, 2020
4. August 31, 2023
5. May 31, 2026
6. December 31, 2028
7. September 30, 2031
8. July 31, 2034

Bottom line: Enjoy the first of two July 2015 full moons. The second July full moon – the Blue Moon – will come on July 31.

Enjoying EarthSky so far? Sign up for our free daily newsletter today!

Best photos: Venus and Jupiter, west after sunset

Donate: Your support means the world to us



from EarthSky http://ift.tt/1KswB9g

Image above via Flickr user Tim Geers

Your calendar likely says that the first of two July 2015 full moons falls on July 2. The first full moon of July falls on July 2 at 2:20 Universal Time. That’s July 1 at 10:20 p.m. EDT, 9:20 p.m. CDT, 8:20 p.m. MDT pr 7:20 p.m. PDT. So, for us in the U.S., the full moon happens on July 1.

Meanwhile, the second full moon of the month will come on July 31, 2015. By popular acclaim, it’ll be known as a Blue Moon.

How often will we get a Blue Moon in the month of July?

Every 19 years, the phases of the moon recur on or near the same calendar dates. This is the Metonic cycle. That means in 2034 we’ll again have two full moons in July 2034 and another Blue Moon on July 31, 2034.

There are 235 full moons yet only 228 calendar months in the 19-year Metonic cycle. Because the number of full moons outnumber the number of calendar months, that means at least seven of these 228 months have to harbor two full moons (235 – 228 = 7 extra full moons).

However, if a February within this 19-year period has no full moon at all – as is the case in February 2018 – that means this extra full moon must fall within the boundaries of another month, too. Therefore, the year 2018 actually sports two Blue Moons, giving us a total of 8 Blue-Moon months in the upcoming 19-year Metonic cycle:

1. January 31, 2018
2. March 31, 2018
3. October 31, 2020
4. August 31, 2023
5. May 31, 2026
6. December 31, 2028
7. September 30, 2031
8. July 31, 2034

Bottom line: Enjoy the first of two July 2015 full moons. The second July full moon – the Blue Moon – will come on July 31.

Enjoying EarthSky so far? Sign up for our free daily newsletter today!

Best photos: Venus and Jupiter, west after sunset

Donate: Your support means the world to us



from EarthSky http://ift.tt/1KswB9g

Global Warming Is Heating Up [Greg Laden's Blog]

Humans have been releasing greenhouse gas pollution into the atmosphere for a long time now, and this has heated up the surface of the planet. This, in turn, has caused a number of alarming changes in weather. Several current weather events exemplify the effects of climate change.

Record High Temperatures Being Shattered


South Asia recently experienced a number of killer heatwaves, and that is still going on in the region. More recently, we’ve seen long standing record highs being broken in the American West. The Capital Climate group recently tweeted this list of records:

Screen Shot 2015-07-01 at 7.17.01 PM

Hot Whopper puts this in some context and adds some other sources, here.

The Weather Channel has this map of current western heat alerts:

map_specnewsdct-51_ltst_4namus_enus_980x551

More on the western heat wave here at Weather Underground.

The extreme heat has even surged north into Canada. Cranbrook, in far southeast British Columbia at an elevation of about 3,000 feet, set a new all-time record high of 98 degrees (36.8 degrees Celsius) Sunday, according to The Weather Network.

Even Revelstoke, British Columbia – 130 miles north of the U.S. border, about 1,500 feet above sea level and better known for skiing – reached an amazing 103 degrees (39.5 degrees Celsius) Sunday.

Great Britain is sweltering “on the hottest July day on record,” according to Jessica Elgot at the Guardian.

As temperatures reached 36.7 °C at Heathrow, commuters were facing difficult journeys on the London Underground. One platform at Kings Cross underground station recorded 33 °C however the temperature on tubes is believed to be even hotter.

Charlotte Dalen, originally from Norway but now living in London, said: “It was pretty warm and very smelly. People were waving pamphlets to keep cool but it didn’t look like it was helping.”

The map at the top of the post of current heat anomaly estimates across the globe is from Climate Reanalyser.

An Unprecedented Tropical Cyclone

Raquel is a Pacific Tropical Cyclone (hurricane) which is the earliest to form in the region (The “Queensland Zone” as tracked by the Australian meteorologists) in recorded history. From the Bulletin:

TROPICAL Cyclone Raquel has formed in the south-west Pacific near the Solomon Islands, triggering the earliest cyclone warning on record issued for the Queensland zone.

“Certainly it’s a unique scenario,” Jess Carey, a spokesman from the bureau’s Queensland office, said. “Since we’ve been tracking cyclones with satellite-based technology, we haven’t seen one in July.”

The storm became a category 1 cyclone early on Wednesday morning and had a central pressure of 999 hPa about 410 km north of the Solomon Islands’ capital of Honiara as of just before 5am, AEST, the Bureau of Meteorology said. It is forecast to strengthen to a category 2 system on Thursday.

“The cyclone is moving southwest at about 16 km per hour and should gradually intensify over the next 24 hours as it approaches the Solomon Islands,” the bureau said in a statement. “The system will remain very far offshore and does not pose a threat to the Queensland coast.”

The official cyclone season runs from November 1-April 30. Any cyclone after May or before October is considered unusual.

Wildfires Gone Wild

Over the last several days and continuing, there have been extensive and unprecedented fires in the west as well. Drought in California has increased fire danger, and now things are starting to burn. This year the fires started earlier, with one of the largest fires having burned during a normally low-fire month, February. Also, fires are burning where they are normally rare. According to Will Greenberg at the Washington Post..

Cal Fire has already responded to 1,000 more incidents this year than they see on average annually. The agency reached that same landmark last year as well — but in September.

By the end of June, officials had fought nearly 3,200 fires.

In total, Cal Fire and the U.S. Forest Service have responded to fires stretching over 65,755 acres so far this year.

And this is just the beginning for California’s 2015 wildfire season.

Meanwhile, in Washington, where it has been dry and hot, hundreds have been forced to flee from some amazing wildfires. From the Guardian:

The wildfires hit parts of central and eastern Washington state over the weekend as the state is struggling with a severe drought. Mountain snowpack is at extremely low levels, and about one-fifth of the state’s rivers and streams are at record low levels.

Eastern Washington has been experiencing temperatures into the 100s, and last week Washington governor Jay Inslee issued an emergency proclamation that allows state resources to quickly be brought in to respond to wildfires.

In Alaska,

The number of Alaska’s active wildfires is literally off the charts, according to a map recently released by the state’s Division of Forestry.

Over 700 fires have burned so far this summer, the most in the state’s history, and that number is only expected to get bigger as the state is experiencing higher temperatures, lower humidity and more lightning storms than usual, said Kale Casey, a public information officer for the Alaska Interagency Coordination Center, which serves as a focal point for state agencies involved in wildland fire management and suppression.

Here’s a map of current Alaskan fires:
Screen Shot 2015-07-01 at 7.35.08 PM

California Drought Still A Drought

And, of course, from the US Drought Monitor
Screen Shot 2015-07-01 at 7.36.52 PM



from ScienceBlogs http://ift.tt/1GOTKOB

Humans have been releasing greenhouse gas pollution into the atmosphere for a long time now, and this has heated up the surface of the planet. This, in turn, has caused a number of alarming changes in weather. Several current weather events exemplify the effects of climate change.

Record High Temperatures Being Shattered


South Asia recently experienced a number of killer heatwaves, and that is still going on in the region. More recently, we’ve seen long standing record highs being broken in the American West. The Capital Climate group recently tweeted this list of records:

Screen Shot 2015-07-01 at 7.17.01 PM

Hot Whopper puts this in some context and adds some other sources, here.

The Weather Channel has this map of current western heat alerts:

map_specnewsdct-51_ltst_4namus_enus_980x551

More on the western heat wave here at Weather Underground.

The extreme heat has even surged north into Canada. Cranbrook, in far southeast British Columbia at an elevation of about 3,000 feet, set a new all-time record high of 98 degrees (36.8 degrees Celsius) Sunday, according to The Weather Network.

Even Revelstoke, British Columbia – 130 miles north of the U.S. border, about 1,500 feet above sea level and better known for skiing – reached an amazing 103 degrees (39.5 degrees Celsius) Sunday.

Great Britain is sweltering “on the hottest July day on record,” according to Jessica Elgot at the Guardian.

As temperatures reached 36.7 °C at Heathrow, commuters were facing difficult journeys on the London Underground. One platform at Kings Cross underground station recorded 33 °C however the temperature on tubes is believed to be even hotter.

Charlotte Dalen, originally from Norway but now living in London, said: “It was pretty warm and very smelly. People were waving pamphlets to keep cool but it didn’t look like it was helping.”

The map at the top of the post of current heat anomaly estimates across the globe is from Climate Reanalyser.

An Unprecedented Tropical Cyclone

Raquel is a Pacific Tropical Cyclone (hurricane) which is the earliest to form in the region (The “Queensland Zone” as tracked by the Australian meteorologists) in recorded history. From the Bulletin:

TROPICAL Cyclone Raquel has formed in the south-west Pacific near the Solomon Islands, triggering the earliest cyclone warning on record issued for the Queensland zone.

“Certainly it’s a unique scenario,” Jess Carey, a spokesman from the bureau’s Queensland office, said. “Since we’ve been tracking cyclones with satellite-based technology, we haven’t seen one in July.”

The storm became a category 1 cyclone early on Wednesday morning and had a central pressure of 999 hPa about 410 km north of the Solomon Islands’ capital of Honiara as of just before 5am, AEST, the Bureau of Meteorology said. It is forecast to strengthen to a category 2 system on Thursday.

“The cyclone is moving southwest at about 16 km per hour and should gradually intensify over the next 24 hours as it approaches the Solomon Islands,” the bureau said in a statement. “The system will remain very far offshore and does not pose a threat to the Queensland coast.”

The official cyclone season runs from November 1-April 30. Any cyclone after May or before October is considered unusual.

Wildfires Gone Wild

Over the last several days and continuing, there have been extensive and unprecedented fires in the west as well. Drought in California has increased fire danger, and now things are starting to burn. This year the fires started earlier, with one of the largest fires having burned during a normally low-fire month, February. Also, fires are burning where they are normally rare. According to Will Greenberg at the Washington Post..

Cal Fire has already responded to 1,000 more incidents this year than they see on average annually. The agency reached that same landmark last year as well — but in September.

By the end of June, officials had fought nearly 3,200 fires.

In total, Cal Fire and the U.S. Forest Service have responded to fires stretching over 65,755 acres so far this year.

And this is just the beginning for California’s 2015 wildfire season.

Meanwhile, in Washington, where it has been dry and hot, hundreds have been forced to flee from some amazing wildfires. From the Guardian:

The wildfires hit parts of central and eastern Washington state over the weekend as the state is struggling with a severe drought. Mountain snowpack is at extremely low levels, and about one-fifth of the state’s rivers and streams are at record low levels.

Eastern Washington has been experiencing temperatures into the 100s, and last week Washington governor Jay Inslee issued an emergency proclamation that allows state resources to quickly be brought in to respond to wildfires.

In Alaska,

The number of Alaska’s active wildfires is literally off the charts, according to a map recently released by the state’s Division of Forestry.

Over 700 fires have burned so far this summer, the most in the state’s history, and that number is only expected to get bigger as the state is experiencing higher temperatures, lower humidity and more lightning storms than usual, said Kale Casey, a public information officer for the Alaska Interagency Coordination Center, which serves as a focal point for state agencies involved in wildland fire management and suppression.

Here’s a map of current Alaskan fires:
Screen Shot 2015-07-01 at 7.35.08 PM

California Drought Still A Drought

And, of course, from the US Drought Monitor
Screen Shot 2015-07-01 at 7.36.52 PM



from ScienceBlogs http://ift.tt/1GOTKOB

2015 SkS Weekly News Roundup #27A

Barack Obama turns tables in David Attenborough climate change interview

Barack Obama was the one asking the questions in an interview with British naturalist David Attenborough that aired on Sunday in which they agreed that combating climate change would require a global effort.

Saying he had long been a “huge admirer” of Attenborough’s TV documentaries about the environment, Obama turned the tables on Attenborough in an interview taped on 8 May at the White House, which aired on the BBC and other international broadcasters. 

Barack Obama turns tables in David Attenborough climate change interview Reuters/Guardian, June 28, 2015


California's state pension funds move closer to divesting from coal

A key vote in the campaign to get California’s state pension funds to divest from thermal coal was passed this week.

The California Public Employee Retirement System (Calpers) and the CaliforniaState Teachers Retirement System (CalSTRS) are the US’s largest pension funds, holding $299bn (£190bn) and $193bn in respective assets. Calpers currently holds at least $100m in at least 20 thermal coal mining companies.

“Coal is the dirtiest of all fossil fuels, now being outcompeted by renewables and natural gas. It’s incredibly harmful to our children’s lungs and our atmosphere,” said Senator Kevin de León.

California's state pension funds move closer to divesting from coal by Emma Howard, Guardian, June 26, 205


How far along is Germany's nuclear phase-out?

Several months after the nuclear disaster in Fukushima, Germany's coalition government agreed June 30, 2011, to accelerate its phase-out from nuclear power.

Immediately after Fukushima, eight of 17 functioning nuclear plants were shut down, and the June decision established a timeline of taking the remaining plants offline by 2022.

This past weekend, at midnight on Saturday (25.06.2015), the next shutdown took place: The Grafenrheinfeld power plant in Bavaria has been removed from the power grid, nearly exactly on schedule.

So is Germany is on track in its nuclear phase-out? 

How far along is Germany's nuclear phase-out? by Gero Rueter, Deutsche Welle. June 29, 2015


Melting Arctic sea ice could be disrupting the oceans’ circulation—with major consequences

We already know that melting sea ice in the Arctic is bad news. Less ice means less habitat for animals like polar bears, and it also means there are fewer reflective surfaces in the North to bounce sunlight back into space, allowing the planet to absorb more heat. And as global warming continues to warm up the Earth, we’re only going to lose more ice.

A study released Monday in Nature Climate Change is drawing attention to yet another ice-related problem — one that could cause some large-scale consequences. According to the study, retreating sea ice could disrupt a major ocean circulation pattern and even affect climate patterns in Europe.

As it turns out, sea ice in the Greenland and Iceland seas is an important player in the workings of a powerful ocean current known as the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. This current acts as a kind of conveyor belt, carrying warm water from the equator to the poles, and then shuttling cold water back to the tropics where the cycle starts all over again.

Melting Arctic sea ice could be disrupting the oceans’ circulation—with major consequences by Chelsea Harvey, Energy & Environment, Washington Post, June 29, 2015


Oil companies played hardball in bid to defeat climate outsiders

Petty legal filings. Diversionary ballot measures. Counting abstentions as no votes. These are just some of the tactics U.S. oil companies used this spring to quash efforts by investors to win the right to nominate climate experts for board seats.

Led by New York City Comptroller Scott Stringer and proposed at 75 U.S. companies in various industries this year, the so-called proxy access measure would give investor groups who own 3 percent of a company for more than three years the right to nominate directors. At the 19 oil and gas companies targeted, the aim was to demand more accountability on global warming.

While the non-binding measure passed at two-thirds of all the companies targeted, and at 15 of the 19 energy companies, some took unusual steps to block it. Oilfield services provider Nabors Industries Ltd, for example, counted non-votes from brokers as votes against the proposal. Still, the measure passed at Nabors, which didn’t respond to requests for comment

Oil companies played hardball in bid to defeat climate outsiders by Anna Driver, Reuters, June 29, 2015


Rich countries' $100bn promise to fight climate change 'not delivered'

Rich countries are very, very far from raising the billions they promised to help poor countries fight climate change, jeopardising the prospects of reaching a global warming deal at Paris, the world’s rising economies warned.

As a key United Nations meeting got underway, Brazil, China, India and South Africa said they were disappointed in rich countries’ failure to make good on a promise six years ago to mobilise $100bn a year by 2020 for climate finance.

The funds, intended to help developing countries cut their greenhouse gas emissions and prepare for sea-level rises, extreme weather and other consequences of climate change, are seen as a crucial element to reaching a global warming agreement at the end of the year.

Rich countries' $100bn promise to fight climate change 'not delivered' by Suazanne Godenberg, Guardian, June 29, 2015


Soil erosion a major threat to Britain's food supply, says Government advisory group

Large areas of farmland in the east of England could become unprofitable within a generation as soil erosion and degradation make it less productive, according to the Government’s official climate change advisory group.

The Committee on Climate Change (CCC) report says the UK will be in danger of producing less food in the coming decades, when it should be producing more.

The degradation is the result of increasingly intense farming practices, with deep ploughing, rapid crop-rotation and ever-larger fields free of trees allowing the wind and rain to carry away the top layer of soil, according to the report. Farmland around the East Anglian Fens could become less productive and less profitable, forcing the country to increase food imports at a time of growing global demand and rising prices, it says.

Soil erosion a major threat to Britain's food supply, says Government advisory group by Tom Bawden, Independent, June 30, 2015


The UK must be at the centre of the fight to limit climate change

In November, representatives from 196 countries will meet in Paris to try to agree a deal to prevent dangerous increases in global temperatures.

Efforts to date aim to begin the “peaceful divorce” between greenhouse gas emissions and economic growth: no longer do the two need to go together. Last year was the first year where the world economy grew but greenhouse gas emissions did not. We wait to see if this is an indication of a broader trend or a blip.

What is clear, though, is that the UK must play a key role on the international stage to help global efforts to tackle climate change.

The UK must be at the centre of the fight to limit climate change by Lord Deben and Lord Krebs, Guardian, June 30, 2015


Think today’s refugee crisis is bad? Climate change will make it a lot worse

Last year was the worst year on record for refugees. The number of people fleeing war and persecution jumped to nearly 60 million, the highest figure since the United Nations’ refugee agency began keeping records 50 years ago, and that doesn’t even include people driven from their homes by poverty, gang violence or natural disasters.

Smugglers are preying on refugees, social services in poor Middle Eastern and African countries have been stretched to the limit, and Europe and Australia are turning back exiles at their borders. António Guterres, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, acknowledged that relief agencies are overwhelmed. “We don’t have the capacity and we don’t have the resources to support all the victims of conflict around the world to provide them with the very minimal level of protection and assistance,” he told reporters at a mid-June press conference.

By all accounts, it’s a mess. But it’s likely only a harbinger of things to come if industrialized nations don’t dramatically reduce carbon emissions. Drought and desertification already ruin thousands of square miles of productive land annually in China and a number of African countries, while rising sea levels triggered by warmer global temperatures could eventually force tens if not hundreds of millions of people from their coastal homes.

“One of the drivers of displacement and potential conflict over the next 10 to 20 years will be climate [change]-resource scarcity,” David Miliband, president of the International Rescue Committee and a former UK foreign minister, said recently. “Climate change is going to compound the cocktail that’s driving war and displacement.”

Think today’s refugee crisis is bad? Climate change will make it a lot worse by Elliott Negin, EcoWatch, June 30, 2015


Thousands of people killed by extreme weather in 2015 as El Nino arrives to bring more chaos

Thousands of people have been killed by extreme weather so far this year and now scientists fear a weather event will cause droughts, wildfires, flooding, landslides and food shortages.

Australian scientists have warned of a “substantial” El Nino effect that started in May.

The phenomenon,which only happens every few years, is still in its early stages but has the potential to cause extreme weather around the world, according to the Bureau of Meteorology.

Thousands of people killed by extreme weather in 2015 as El Nino arrives to bring more chaos by Lizzie Dearden, Independent, June 26, 2015


Trade makes up bulk of urban carbon footprint

How green is your city? If you and your neighbours tend to cycle everywhere, keep the thermostat low and source local food you may expect your metropolis to be greener than most. But new research shows that individual actions often pale into insignificance next to the carbon emissions associated with trading. The resources and goods that flow into and out of our cities are responsible for the lion's share of their urban carbon footprint.

Trade makes up bulk of urban carbon footprint by Kate Ravilious, Environmental Research Web, June 29, 2015


UK weather: travel disruptions and health fears as temperatures soar to highest in a decade this week

Commuters will face travel delays and Britons have been warned to take health precautions as temperatures top 35C this week - the hottest in nearly a decade.

Vulnerable groups have been advised to try and stay cool amid fears that lives could be at risk, while trains will run slower to guard against tracks buckling in the broiling temperatures.

With Wednesday forecast to be the hottest day of the year so far - and possibly since 2006 - the elderly, young children and people with breathing difficulties have been told to keep out of the sun and stay hydrated by Public Health England. 

UK weather: travel disruptions and health fears as temperatures soar to highest in a decade this week by Tom Brooks-Pollock, Independent, June 30, 2015


UN climate talks moving at snail's pace, says Ban Ki-moon

Negotiations for a deal to fight climate change were moving at a “snail’s pace”, the United Nations chief, Ban Ki-Moon, told a high-level meeting on Monday.

A promise from China – the world’s biggest carbon polluter – for ambitious cuts to greenhouse gas emissions “very soon” could inject some much-needed optimism into the talks.

But the UN and other leaders warned that time was running out to reach a strong climate change deal in Paris at the end of the year.

The gloomy assessment from Ban contrasts with sense of building momentum following the G7 commitment to phase out fossil fuels, the Pope’s call for radical climate action, and a flurry of recent climate announcements from Barack Obama.

UN climate talks moving at snail's pace, says Ban Ki-moon by suzanne Goldenberg, Guardian, June 29, 2015


US Supreme Court backs coal profits over public health

Placing the interests of Big Coal over public health, the U.S. Supreme Court on Monday refused to back the Environmental Protection Agency's new power plant emissions standards.

In a 5-4 ruling (pdf), the court argued that the Obama administration "unreasonably" interpreted its authority under the Clean Air Act by failing to account for the cost of compliance for polluting coal-fired power plants to meet the new Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS), which were finalized in 2012.

According to the opinion, penned by Justice Antonin Scalia and backed by Chief Justice John Roberts, as well as Justices Anthony Kennedy, Clarence Thomas, and Samuel Alito, "The Agency may regulate power plants under this program only if it concludes that 'regulation is appropriate and necessary' after studying hazards to public health posed by power-plant emissions."

While the court did not deny that such emissions pose grave public health risks, the opinion argues that the financial impact to the coal industry must be considered.

US Supreme Court Backs Coal Profits Over Public Health by Laura McCauley, Common Dreams, June 29, 2015


Why the French are losing enthusiasm for nuclear

The host nation for this year's climate talks is pumping the brakes on one of its most successful ways of controlling carbon.

France, one of the world's leaders in low-emissions nuclear energy production, may soon diverge from the path that brought it there.

The French get more than three-quarters of their electricity from nuclear power, the largest share of any country in the world. This atomic largesse from its 58 reactors — second only to the United States' 100 reactors — has made France the largest net electricity exporter on Earth and provided cheap electricity to its residents.

Why the French are losing enthusiasm for nuclear by Umair Irfan, ClimateWire, June 29, 2015



from Skeptical Science http://ift.tt/1GOScUz

Barack Obama turns tables in David Attenborough climate change interview

Barack Obama was the one asking the questions in an interview with British naturalist David Attenborough that aired on Sunday in which they agreed that combating climate change would require a global effort.

Saying he had long been a “huge admirer” of Attenborough’s TV documentaries about the environment, Obama turned the tables on Attenborough in an interview taped on 8 May at the White House, which aired on the BBC and other international broadcasters. 

Barack Obama turns tables in David Attenborough climate change interview Reuters/Guardian, June 28, 2015


California's state pension funds move closer to divesting from coal

A key vote in the campaign to get California’s state pension funds to divest from thermal coal was passed this week.

The California Public Employee Retirement System (Calpers) and the CaliforniaState Teachers Retirement System (CalSTRS) are the US’s largest pension funds, holding $299bn (£190bn) and $193bn in respective assets. Calpers currently holds at least $100m in at least 20 thermal coal mining companies.

“Coal is the dirtiest of all fossil fuels, now being outcompeted by renewables and natural gas. It’s incredibly harmful to our children’s lungs and our atmosphere,” said Senator Kevin de León.

California's state pension funds move closer to divesting from coal by Emma Howard, Guardian, June 26, 205


How far along is Germany's nuclear phase-out?

Several months after the nuclear disaster in Fukushima, Germany's coalition government agreed June 30, 2011, to accelerate its phase-out from nuclear power.

Immediately after Fukushima, eight of 17 functioning nuclear plants were shut down, and the June decision established a timeline of taking the remaining plants offline by 2022.

This past weekend, at midnight on Saturday (25.06.2015), the next shutdown took place: The Grafenrheinfeld power plant in Bavaria has been removed from the power grid, nearly exactly on schedule.

So is Germany is on track in its nuclear phase-out? 

How far along is Germany's nuclear phase-out? by Gero Rueter, Deutsche Welle. June 29, 2015


Melting Arctic sea ice could be disrupting the oceans’ circulation—with major consequences

We already know that melting sea ice in the Arctic is bad news. Less ice means less habitat for animals like polar bears, and it also means there are fewer reflective surfaces in the North to bounce sunlight back into space, allowing the planet to absorb more heat. And as global warming continues to warm up the Earth, we’re only going to lose more ice.

A study released Monday in Nature Climate Change is drawing attention to yet another ice-related problem — one that could cause some large-scale consequences. According to the study, retreating sea ice could disrupt a major ocean circulation pattern and even affect climate patterns in Europe.

As it turns out, sea ice in the Greenland and Iceland seas is an important player in the workings of a powerful ocean current known as the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. This current acts as a kind of conveyor belt, carrying warm water from the equator to the poles, and then shuttling cold water back to the tropics where the cycle starts all over again.

Melting Arctic sea ice could be disrupting the oceans’ circulation—with major consequences by Chelsea Harvey, Energy & Environment, Washington Post, June 29, 2015


Oil companies played hardball in bid to defeat climate outsiders

Petty legal filings. Diversionary ballot measures. Counting abstentions as no votes. These are just some of the tactics U.S. oil companies used this spring to quash efforts by investors to win the right to nominate climate experts for board seats.

Led by New York City Comptroller Scott Stringer and proposed at 75 U.S. companies in various industries this year, the so-called proxy access measure would give investor groups who own 3 percent of a company for more than three years the right to nominate directors. At the 19 oil and gas companies targeted, the aim was to demand more accountability on global warming.

While the non-binding measure passed at two-thirds of all the companies targeted, and at 15 of the 19 energy companies, some took unusual steps to block it. Oilfield services provider Nabors Industries Ltd, for example, counted non-votes from brokers as votes against the proposal. Still, the measure passed at Nabors, which didn’t respond to requests for comment

Oil companies played hardball in bid to defeat climate outsiders by Anna Driver, Reuters, June 29, 2015


Rich countries' $100bn promise to fight climate change 'not delivered'

Rich countries are very, very far from raising the billions they promised to help poor countries fight climate change, jeopardising the prospects of reaching a global warming deal at Paris, the world’s rising economies warned.

As a key United Nations meeting got underway, Brazil, China, India and South Africa said they were disappointed in rich countries’ failure to make good on a promise six years ago to mobilise $100bn a year by 2020 for climate finance.

The funds, intended to help developing countries cut their greenhouse gas emissions and prepare for sea-level rises, extreme weather and other consequences of climate change, are seen as a crucial element to reaching a global warming agreement at the end of the year.

Rich countries' $100bn promise to fight climate change 'not delivered' by Suazanne Godenberg, Guardian, June 29, 2015


Soil erosion a major threat to Britain's food supply, says Government advisory group

Large areas of farmland in the east of England could become unprofitable within a generation as soil erosion and degradation make it less productive, according to the Government’s official climate change advisory group.

The Committee on Climate Change (CCC) report says the UK will be in danger of producing less food in the coming decades, when it should be producing more.

The degradation is the result of increasingly intense farming practices, with deep ploughing, rapid crop-rotation and ever-larger fields free of trees allowing the wind and rain to carry away the top layer of soil, according to the report. Farmland around the East Anglian Fens could become less productive and less profitable, forcing the country to increase food imports at a time of growing global demand and rising prices, it says.

Soil erosion a major threat to Britain's food supply, says Government advisory group by Tom Bawden, Independent, June 30, 2015


The UK must be at the centre of the fight to limit climate change

In November, representatives from 196 countries will meet in Paris to try to agree a deal to prevent dangerous increases in global temperatures.

Efforts to date aim to begin the “peaceful divorce” between greenhouse gas emissions and economic growth: no longer do the two need to go together. Last year was the first year where the world economy grew but greenhouse gas emissions did not. We wait to see if this is an indication of a broader trend or a blip.

What is clear, though, is that the UK must play a key role on the international stage to help global efforts to tackle climate change.

The UK must be at the centre of the fight to limit climate change by Lord Deben and Lord Krebs, Guardian, June 30, 2015


Think today’s refugee crisis is bad? Climate change will make it a lot worse

Last year was the worst year on record for refugees. The number of people fleeing war and persecution jumped to nearly 60 million, the highest figure since the United Nations’ refugee agency began keeping records 50 years ago, and that doesn’t even include people driven from their homes by poverty, gang violence or natural disasters.

Smugglers are preying on refugees, social services in poor Middle Eastern and African countries have been stretched to the limit, and Europe and Australia are turning back exiles at their borders. António Guterres, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, acknowledged that relief agencies are overwhelmed. “We don’t have the capacity and we don’t have the resources to support all the victims of conflict around the world to provide them with the very minimal level of protection and assistance,” he told reporters at a mid-June press conference.

By all accounts, it’s a mess. But it’s likely only a harbinger of things to come if industrialized nations don’t dramatically reduce carbon emissions. Drought and desertification already ruin thousands of square miles of productive land annually in China and a number of African countries, while rising sea levels triggered by warmer global temperatures could eventually force tens if not hundreds of millions of people from their coastal homes.

“One of the drivers of displacement and potential conflict over the next 10 to 20 years will be climate [change]-resource scarcity,” David Miliband, president of the International Rescue Committee and a former UK foreign minister, said recently. “Climate change is going to compound the cocktail that’s driving war and displacement.”

Think today’s refugee crisis is bad? Climate change will make it a lot worse by Elliott Negin, EcoWatch, June 30, 2015


Thousands of people killed by extreme weather in 2015 as El Nino arrives to bring more chaos

Thousands of people have been killed by extreme weather so far this year and now scientists fear a weather event will cause droughts, wildfires, flooding, landslides and food shortages.

Australian scientists have warned of a “substantial” El Nino effect that started in May.

The phenomenon,which only happens every few years, is still in its early stages but has the potential to cause extreme weather around the world, according to the Bureau of Meteorology.

Thousands of people killed by extreme weather in 2015 as El Nino arrives to bring more chaos by Lizzie Dearden, Independent, June 26, 2015


Trade makes up bulk of urban carbon footprint

How green is your city? If you and your neighbours tend to cycle everywhere, keep the thermostat low and source local food you may expect your metropolis to be greener than most. But new research shows that individual actions often pale into insignificance next to the carbon emissions associated with trading. The resources and goods that flow into and out of our cities are responsible for the lion's share of their urban carbon footprint.

Trade makes up bulk of urban carbon footprint by Kate Ravilious, Environmental Research Web, June 29, 2015


UK weather: travel disruptions and health fears as temperatures soar to highest in a decade this week

Commuters will face travel delays and Britons have been warned to take health precautions as temperatures top 35C this week - the hottest in nearly a decade.

Vulnerable groups have been advised to try and stay cool amid fears that lives could be at risk, while trains will run slower to guard against tracks buckling in the broiling temperatures.

With Wednesday forecast to be the hottest day of the year so far - and possibly since 2006 - the elderly, young children and people with breathing difficulties have been told to keep out of the sun and stay hydrated by Public Health England. 

UK weather: travel disruptions and health fears as temperatures soar to highest in a decade this week by Tom Brooks-Pollock, Independent, June 30, 2015


UN climate talks moving at snail's pace, says Ban Ki-moon

Negotiations for a deal to fight climate change were moving at a “snail’s pace”, the United Nations chief, Ban Ki-Moon, told a high-level meeting on Monday.

A promise from China – the world’s biggest carbon polluter – for ambitious cuts to greenhouse gas emissions “very soon” could inject some much-needed optimism into the talks.

But the UN and other leaders warned that time was running out to reach a strong climate change deal in Paris at the end of the year.

The gloomy assessment from Ban contrasts with sense of building momentum following the G7 commitment to phase out fossil fuels, the Pope’s call for radical climate action, and a flurry of recent climate announcements from Barack Obama.

UN climate talks moving at snail's pace, says Ban Ki-moon by suzanne Goldenberg, Guardian, June 29, 2015


US Supreme Court backs coal profits over public health

Placing the interests of Big Coal over public health, the U.S. Supreme Court on Monday refused to back the Environmental Protection Agency's new power plant emissions standards.

In a 5-4 ruling (pdf), the court argued that the Obama administration "unreasonably" interpreted its authority under the Clean Air Act by failing to account for the cost of compliance for polluting coal-fired power plants to meet the new Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS), which were finalized in 2012.

According to the opinion, penned by Justice Antonin Scalia and backed by Chief Justice John Roberts, as well as Justices Anthony Kennedy, Clarence Thomas, and Samuel Alito, "The Agency may regulate power plants under this program only if it concludes that 'regulation is appropriate and necessary' after studying hazards to public health posed by power-plant emissions."

While the court did not deny that such emissions pose grave public health risks, the opinion argues that the financial impact to the coal industry must be considered.

US Supreme Court Backs Coal Profits Over Public Health by Laura McCauley, Common Dreams, June 29, 2015


Why the French are losing enthusiasm for nuclear

The host nation for this year's climate talks is pumping the brakes on one of its most successful ways of controlling carbon.

France, one of the world's leaders in low-emissions nuclear energy production, may soon diverge from the path that brought it there.

The French get more than three-quarters of their electricity from nuclear power, the largest share of any country in the world. This atomic largesse from its 58 reactors — second only to the United States' 100 reactors — has made France the largest net electricity exporter on Earth and provided cheap electricity to its residents.

Why the French are losing enthusiasm for nuclear by Umair Irfan, ClimateWire, June 29, 2015



from Skeptical Science http://ift.tt/1GOScUz

Botanical Wednesday: Two great tastes that taste great together! [Pharyngula]

The NY Times has stirred up some controversy by recommending a novel flavor combination: guacamole made with peas. I must weigh in.

avocado

iStock_000001074285Small

iStock_000001074285Small

Sounds delicious! Would love to try it!



from ScienceBlogs http://ift.tt/1LIRKhi

The NY Times has stirred up some controversy by recommending a novel flavor combination: guacamole made with peas. I must weigh in.

avocado

iStock_000001074285Small

iStock_000001074285Small

Sounds delicious! Would love to try it!



from ScienceBlogs http://ift.tt/1LIRKhi

adds 2