Though recognized to occur in organic systems, the breadth of involvement of heavy-atom tunneling has not been established. Doubleday, Greer and coworkers have examined 13 simple organic reactions sampling pericyclic reactions, radical rearrangements and SN2 reactions for heavy-atom tunneling.1 A few of these reactions are shown below.
Reaction rates were obtained using the small curvature tunneling approximation (SCT), computed using Gaussrate. Reaction surfaces were computed at B3LYP/6-31G*. The tunneling correction to the rate was also estimated using the model developed by Bell: kBell = (u/2)/sin(u/2) where u = hν‡/RT and ν‡ is the imaginary frequency associated with the transition state. The temperature was chosen so as to give a common rate constant of 3 x 10-5 s-1. Interestingly, all of the examined reactions exhibited significant tunneling even at temperatures from 270-350 K (See Table 1). The tunneling effect estimated by Bell’s equation is very similar to that of the more computationally demanding SCT computation.
Table 1. Tunneling contribution to the rate constant
|
Reaction |
% tunneling |
|
|
35 |
|
|
17 |
|
|
28 |
|
|
95 |
|
CN– + CH3Cl → CH3CN + Cl– (aqueous) |
45 |
This study points towards a much broader range of reactions that may be subject to quantum mechanical tunneling than previously considered.
References
1. Doubleday, C.; Armas, R.; Walker, D.; Cosgriff, C. V.; Greer, E. M., "Heavy-Atom Tunneling Calculations in Thirteen Organic Reactions: Tunneling Contributions are Substantial, and Bell’s Formula Closely Approximates Multidimensional Tunneling at ≥250 K." Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2017, 56, 13099-13102, DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708489.
from Computational Organic Chemistry http://ift.tt/2ANrTWv
Though recognized to occur in organic systems, the breadth of involvement of heavy-atom tunneling has not been established. Doubleday, Greer and coworkers have examined 13 simple organic reactions sampling pericyclic reactions, radical rearrangements and SN2 reactions for heavy-atom tunneling.1 A few of these reactions are shown below.
Reaction rates were obtained using the small curvature tunneling approximation (SCT), computed using Gaussrate. Reaction surfaces were computed at B3LYP/6-31G*. The tunneling correction to the rate was also estimated using the model developed by Bell: kBell = (u/2)/sin(u/2) where u = hν‡/RT and ν‡ is the imaginary frequency associated with the transition state. The temperature was chosen so as to give a common rate constant of 3 x 10-5 s-1. Interestingly, all of the examined reactions exhibited significant tunneling even at temperatures from 270-350 K (See Table 1). The tunneling effect estimated by Bell’s equation is very similar to that of the more computationally demanding SCT computation.
Table 1. Tunneling contribution to the rate constant
|
Reaction |
% tunneling |
|
|
35 |
|
|
17 |
|
|
28 |
|
|
95 |
|
CN– + CH3Cl → CH3CN + Cl– (aqueous) |
45 |
This study points towards a much broader range of reactions that may be subject to quantum mechanical tunneling than previously considered.
References
1. Doubleday, C.; Armas, R.; Walker, D.; Cosgriff, C. V.; Greer, E. M., "Heavy-Atom Tunneling Calculations in Thirteen Organic Reactions: Tunneling Contributions are Substantial, and Bell’s Formula Closely Approximates Multidimensional Tunneling at ≥250 K." Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2017, 56, 13099-13102, DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708489.
from Computational Organic Chemistry http://ift.tt/2ANrTWv
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