Tonight – March 22, 2017 – look outside, and you can’t miss Sirius, the brightest star in the nighttime sky. Is Sirius the most luminous star? No. To astronomers, the word luminous refers to a star’s intrinsic brightness.
Sirius, in the constellation Canis Major (the Greater Dog), looks extraordinarily bright in Earth’s sky. It’s our sky’s brightest star. But its brightness stems primarily from the fact that it’s only 8.6 light-years away.
The bright planet Jupiter is up all night now, too, and it’s brighter than Sirius. But you won’t mistake any other object for Sirius, if you look at a familiar star pattern near Sirius on the sky’s dome. No matter where you live on Earth, just follow the three medium-bright stars in Orion’s Belt to locate Sirius:
If you’re not sure the bright star you’re seeing is Sirius, remember … Orion’s Belt always points to it.
View larger. | The three Belt stars of Orion pointing toward Sirius, the sky’s brightest star, via Tom Wildoner at LeisurelyScientist.com.
Many people comment that they see Sirius flashing colors. It happens when you see Sirius low in the sky. The colors are just the ordinary rainbow colors in white starlight; all starlight is composed of this mixture of colors. We notice the colors of Sirius more readily, though, because Sirius is so much brighter than most stars!
So the colors are intrinsic to Sirius, as they are to all stars, but it’s Earth’s atmosphere that causes us to notice them. When you see Sirius low in the sky, you’re looking through a greater thickness of atmosphere than when the star is overhead. The atmosphere splits the starlight into its various colors.
If you watch, you’ll notice Sirius sparkling less, and appearing less colorful (more strictly white) when it appears higher in the sky.
Sirius is so bright that many notice it twinkling in different colors. Amanda Cross in England wrote: “This is Sirius twinkling different colors through the atmosphere. Images were taken deliberately out of focus, using a high ISO and low shutter speed to pick up the colors. There are 31 images taken 25 seconds apart and stacked using StarStaX.” Thank you, Amanda!
Mia asked EarthSky:
Isn’t there a brighter star than Sirius in absolute magnitude which appears dimmer because of its distance?
Yes, Mia, you’re right, of course. Many stars on the sky’s dome are intrinsically more luminous than Sirius but appear fainter because they lie farther away.
At least three stars in Canis Major are thought to be thousands of times more luminous than Sirius: Aludra, Wezen, and Omicron 2. Although the distances to these faraway stars are not known with precision, Aludra and Omicron 2 reside an estimated 3,000 light-years distant, and Wezen at about 2,000 light-years. That’s in contrast to Sirius’ distance of 8.6 light-years.
To get a better idea of a star’s true luminosity, astronomers like to list stars according to absolute magnitude. Absolute magnitude measures the brightness of the stars as if they were all an equal 32.6 light-years distant.
At 32.6 light-years away, our sun would barely be visible as a speck of light. In stark contrast, Aludra, Wezen, and Omicron 2 at 32.6 light-years away would outshine Sirius by some 100 to 200 times. At 32.6 light-years, Sirius would be about the same brightness as the Gemini star Castor (at its known distance of 52 light-years). So if all these stars were equally distant, these super-luminous stars in Canis Major – Aludra, Wezen and Omicron 2 – would be seen to shine thousands of times more brilliantly than Sirius.
Read more about stellar luminosity, the true brightnesses of stars
Sirius, from Matt Schulze in Santa Fe, New Mexico.
Bottom line: Sirius is our sky’s brightest star (although not as bright as the planets Jupiter and Venus), but not the most luminous star in the sky. In other words, it’s an ordinary star that only appears bright to us because it is relatively nearby.
Donate: Your support means the world to us
from EarthSky http://ift.tt/1MnwauH
Tonight – March 22, 2017 – look outside, and you can’t miss Sirius, the brightest star in the nighttime sky. Is Sirius the most luminous star? No. To astronomers, the word luminous refers to a star’s intrinsic brightness.
Sirius, in the constellation Canis Major (the Greater Dog), looks extraordinarily bright in Earth’s sky. It’s our sky’s brightest star. But its brightness stems primarily from the fact that it’s only 8.6 light-years away.
The bright planet Jupiter is up all night now, too, and it’s brighter than Sirius. But you won’t mistake any other object for Sirius, if you look at a familiar star pattern near Sirius on the sky’s dome. No matter where you live on Earth, just follow the three medium-bright stars in Orion’s Belt to locate Sirius:
If you’re not sure the bright star you’re seeing is Sirius, remember … Orion’s Belt always points to it.
View larger. | The three Belt stars of Orion pointing toward Sirius, the sky’s brightest star, via Tom Wildoner at LeisurelyScientist.com.
Many people comment that they see Sirius flashing colors. It happens when you see Sirius low in the sky. The colors are just the ordinary rainbow colors in white starlight; all starlight is composed of this mixture of colors. We notice the colors of Sirius more readily, though, because Sirius is so much brighter than most stars!
So the colors are intrinsic to Sirius, as they are to all stars, but it’s Earth’s atmosphere that causes us to notice them. When you see Sirius low in the sky, you’re looking through a greater thickness of atmosphere than when the star is overhead. The atmosphere splits the starlight into its various colors.
If you watch, you’ll notice Sirius sparkling less, and appearing less colorful (more strictly white) when it appears higher in the sky.
Sirius is so bright that many notice it twinkling in different colors. Amanda Cross in England wrote: “This is Sirius twinkling different colors through the atmosphere. Images were taken deliberately out of focus, using a high ISO and low shutter speed to pick up the colors. There are 31 images taken 25 seconds apart and stacked using StarStaX.” Thank you, Amanda!
Mia asked EarthSky:
Isn’t there a brighter star than Sirius in absolute magnitude which appears dimmer because of its distance?
Yes, Mia, you’re right, of course. Many stars on the sky’s dome are intrinsically more luminous than Sirius but appear fainter because they lie farther away.
At least three stars in Canis Major are thought to be thousands of times more luminous than Sirius: Aludra, Wezen, and Omicron 2. Although the distances to these faraway stars are not known with precision, Aludra and Omicron 2 reside an estimated 3,000 light-years distant, and Wezen at about 2,000 light-years. That’s in contrast to Sirius’ distance of 8.6 light-years.
To get a better idea of a star’s true luminosity, astronomers like to list stars according to absolute magnitude. Absolute magnitude measures the brightness of the stars as if they were all an equal 32.6 light-years distant.
At 32.6 light-years away, our sun would barely be visible as a speck of light. In stark contrast, Aludra, Wezen, and Omicron 2 at 32.6 light-years away would outshine Sirius by some 100 to 200 times. At 32.6 light-years, Sirius would be about the same brightness as the Gemini star Castor (at its known distance of 52 light-years). So if all these stars were equally distant, these super-luminous stars in Canis Major – Aludra, Wezen and Omicron 2 – would be seen to shine thousands of times more brilliantly than Sirius.
Read more about stellar luminosity, the true brightnesses of stars
Sirius, from Matt Schulze in Santa Fe, New Mexico.
Bottom line: Sirius is our sky’s brightest star (although not as bright as the planets Jupiter and Venus), but not the most luminous star in the sky. In other words, it’s an ordinary star that only appears bright to us because it is relatively nearby.
Donate: Your support means the world to us
from EarthSky http://ift.tt/1MnwauH
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